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cover of episode Turkmenbashy Part 1: Soviet Stooge, Hermit Tyrant

Turkmenbashy Part 1: Soviet Stooge, Hermit Tyrant

2022/1/14
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Real Dictators

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A
Adrienne Edgar
D
Derek Henry Flood
H
Hugh Pope
L
Luca Anceschi
旁白
知名游戏《文明VII》的开场动画预告片旁白。
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旁白:尼亚佐夫在1991年至2006年的15年独裁统治中,将土库曼斯坦变成了一个以他为中心的国家,他既残酷无情又古怪离奇地行使权力,他的统治充满了秘密和压迫,即使在他死后,土库曼人民仍然害怕谈论他的统治,这个国家的信息流通受到严格控制。 Hugh Pope:土库曼人拥有悠久的历史和文化,是突厥世界的重要支柱之一,他们的祖先曾建立了塞尔柱王朝和奥斯曼帝国。 Adrienne Edgar:土库曼斯坦作为一个民族国家,是在苏联时期才形成的,尼亚佐夫并非土库曼民族的缔造者。苏联对土库曼斯坦进行了现代化和苏维埃化改造,包括教育、医疗和社会习俗的改变,苏联试图改变土库曼斯坦的一些传统文化和习俗,例如一夫多妻制和童婚,苏联并没有试图将土库曼人同化成俄罗斯人,而是允许他们保留自己的语言和文化。在苏联时期,许多土库曼斯坦的领导人都在孤儿院长大,这使得他们与俄罗斯和苏联的社会网络联系更紧密。一些在苏联孤儿院长大的人将苏联视为他们的父亲。尼亚佐夫在苏联时期的经历,特别是孤儿院的经历,塑造了他的性格,并为他后来的政治生涯奠定了基础。在苏联后期,人脉关系在职业发展中起着重要作用,而对体制的忠诚和良好的俄语能力是获得晋升的关键。在苏联时期,对有抱负的土库曼共产党成员来说,娶一个俄罗斯或其他非中亚裔女性作为妻子对他们的职业发展非常有利。娶一个俄罗斯妻子可以帮助土库曼共产党成员获得在莫斯科的权力人物的信任。 Luca Anceschi:在苏联解体期间,许多地方领导人保持沉默,因为他们不想失去权力。 Derek Henry Flood:在苏联解体后的早期,土库曼斯坦经济落后,物资匮乏,在苏联统治下,土库曼斯坦人民习惯于顺从,反抗苏联的统治代价巨大。

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Saparmurat Niyazov, known as Turkmenbashi, transformed Turkmenistan into a unique dictatorship with bizarre laws and self-glorifying monuments, emerging from the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Shownotes Transcript

Turkmenistan in Central Asia. Somewhere unremarkable, you might assume. But you’d be wrong. Away from prying eyes, an extraordinary story unfolded here. In the early 1990s, a man called Saparmurat Niyazov creates a brand-new state from the rubble of the Soviet Union. His regime will be a case study in modern tyranny, filled with bizarre pronouncements and barely believable laws. As ‘Turkmenbashy’, or ‘Head of the Turkmen’, Niyazov rules into the 2000s, turning Turkmenistan into a North Korea 2.0. But how does he get away with it?

A Noiser production, written by Dan Smith. Research by Derek Henry Flood.

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