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cover of episode Mitu Gulati on Whether Trump Could Restructure US Debt

Mitu Gulati on Whether Trump Could Restructure US Debt

2025/4/18
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Odd Lots

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People
J
Joe Weisenthal
通过播客和新闻工作,提供深入的经济分析和市场趋势解读。
M
Mitu Gulati
T
Traci Allaway
Topics
Traci Allaway: 我认为债券不仅仅是金融和法律问题,更像是一个个故事,反映了债权债务关系及其背后的叙事,而这种叙事可以迅速变化。美国债券市场运作方式很大程度上依赖于长期形成的规范和习惯,这些规范和习惯可以迅速改变。 Joe Weisenthal: 我对讨论特朗普政府可能采取的债务互换等政策持谨慎态度,因为这可能加剧市场上的信息混乱。债务偿还存在着规则与规范之间的张力,巧妙运用规则可以改变债券的叙事。 Mitu Gulati: 我是在你们的播客节目中第一次听说“海湖庄园协议”的。将短期美国国债换成长期低息美国国债的想法,在当时看来就难以实现。最近几周,关于美国债务可能重新考虑的理论性想法,已经引起市场专业人士的关注,他们开始寻求对此的理解。利用美国法律进行债务互换并非完全疯狂,尽管这违反了长期形成的规范。美国国债的合约条款中,并没有禁止财政部单方面延长债券期限。违约有几种不同的类型,单方面延长美国国债期限并不构成违反合同的违约。单方面延长美国国债期限是否会触发信用违约掉期,取决于评级机构的决定。信用违约掉期只适用于持有美国国债信用违约保护的人,其他人则只能接受美国单方面延长债券期限。美国财政部有权管理美国国债的期限,这可能包括单方面延长期限。美国财政部最有可能的做法是先单方面延长国债期限,然后国会再通过法律予以确认。单方面延长国债期限可能会引发诉讼,但缺乏合同保护。历史上曾有政府单方面修改债券条款的先例,市场并未因此崩溃。市场有时会认为,违反契约的行为是为了更大的利益,因此不会惩罚采取这种行为的政府。希腊2012年的债务危机也显示,市场对政府单方面修改债券条款的惩罚可能低于预期。如果“有效性”指的是债务的最初发行,那么政府可以声称延长债券期限并不挑战债务的有效性。美国可以追讨第一次世界大战后英国未偿还的债务。美国可以利用债务抵销技术,用英国持有的美国国债来抵消英国对美国的旧债。美国未追讨英国的旧债,是因为当时欧洲正处于战后恢复时期,美国更注重帮助欧洲国家恢复经济。国家之间在21世纪仍然可能发生领土变更。如果俄罗斯吞并乌克兰部分领土,乌克兰的债务问题将变得复杂。领土变更会引发关于债务归属的法律问题,现行法律对此并不明确。如果将俄乌冲突定义为内战,那么19世纪的债务法将适用。美国可以购买格陵兰岛,但需要与格陵兰人民协商。美国购买格陵兰岛可能需要发行大量债务。美国可能利用追讨英国旧债的资金来购买格陵兰岛。美国获取格陵兰岛的方式,可能不是公开拍卖,而是以安全理由为由,以较低的价格获得。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the hypothetical scenario of the Trump administration restructuring US debt, focusing on the potential 'Mar-a-Lago Accord' and its implications. It examines the political climate and the various proposals being discussed, raising ethical questions about contributing to the noise surrounding such a potentially disruptive event.
  • Discussion of the hypothetical Mar-a-Lago Accord and potential debt swap.
  • Ethical concerns about contributing to the noise surrounding potential policy changes.
  • Trump's history of restructuring distressed debt.

Shownotes Transcript

US Treasuries are the most important market in the world. With some $29 trillion outstanding, they create the benchmark that informs basically every other type of borrowing. Any changes to how the bond market works would be a massive deal. But lately, there's been a lot of chatter about how the Trump administration could radically restructure and refinance the US debt under the so-called "Mar-a-Lago Accord." In this episode, we speak with University of Virginia law professor Mitu Gulati about how far the administration could go to legally reform this huge and important market. We also talk about how to buy Greenland and whether Trump could make a few billion by collecting on some old loans from allies. Read more:One Way for Trump to Find a Few Extra Trillion Dollars)The Stories We Tell Ourselves About Bonds) Only Bloomberg.com) subscribers can get the Odd Lots newsletter in their inbox each week, plus unlimited access to the site and app. Subscribe at  bloomberg.com/subscriptions/oddlots)

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