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cover of episode The Tariff Announcement That Shocked Financial Markets

The Tariff Announcement That Shocked Financial Markets

2025/2/3
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Odd Lots

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Paul Donovan: 我认为关税最终将由美国消费者承担,这在经济学上已有数千年的历史可以佐证。虽然关税在商品进入美国时征收,但这并不意味着消费者价格会直接上涨25%。因为商品价格由多种因素构成,包括运输、广告、批发和零售成本等,进口价格通常只占消费者价格的40%左右。因此,25%的关税可能只会导致消费者价格上涨约10%。 短期来看,关税会推高美国的通货膨胀,就像增加销售税一样。但长期来看,情况会比较复杂。关税可能会导致就业岗位流失,降低需求,从而产生通缩效应。然而,出口商不太可能为了进入美国市场而大幅降低价格,因为美国市场竞争激烈,他们没有足够的利润空间来消化关税成本。 美元升值在一定程度上可以抵消关税的影响,但这主要是因为市场预期美联储会采取更谨慎的货币政策来应对通胀。然而,由于大多数美国进口商品都是美元计价的,美元升值对商品价格的影响有限。 反复使用关税作为谈判工具会削弱其有效性,并对长期贸易合作造成负面影响。特朗普政府对关税的立场已经发生转变,不再仅仅将其视为谈判工具,而是认为关税可以增加政府收入。 现代复杂的全球供应链使得关税对中间商品的影响尤为显著。如果一个汽车零部件在美墨之间多次往返,每次都要缴纳关税,这将迅速变得不经济,并扰乱供应链。 央行在应对关税影响时,需要区分直接和间接效应。直接效应,即消费者价格上涨,央行可以忽略。但间接效应,例如利润率上升、工资上涨等,央行则需要密切关注并采取相应措施。

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This chapter explores the economic implications of Trump's tariffs, focusing on who bears the cost and the overall inflationary or deflationary effects. It examines the argument that foreign countries will absorb the costs, and the complexities of how tariffs affect consumer prices in relation to the supply chain.
  • Consumers pay tariffs, not foreign countries.
  • A 25% tariff doesn't equate to a 25% price increase for consumers due to other costs in the supply chain.
  • Short-term inflationary effects are expected, but long-term deflationary effects are possible due to job losses and reduced economic growth.

Shownotes Transcript

Over the weekend, President Trump announced that he was following through with his plan for aggressive tariffs. Imports from Canada and Mexico will now be hit with a 25% tariff, while China will get a 10% tariff. Although aggressive action was promised during the campaign, the news still rattled global financial markets, sending futures tumbling and the dollar spiking. Then, on Monday, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum announced that after a discussion with Trump, the tariffs aimed at her country would be delayed by a month. Meanwhile, more talks with Canada and China are expected. So what exactly are the economics of such tariffs? Are they inflationary? Who pays for them? And what are the implications of these ongoing threats? On this episode, we speak with Paul Donovan, chief economist at UBS Global Wealth Management, who answers all of our questions on the still developing news and how things might play out.Read More: How Trump’s Tariffs Aim a Wrecking Ball at the Economy of the Americas)

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