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cover of episode Tim Geithner on How to Fight the Next Financial Crisis

Tim Geithner on How to Fight the Next Financial Crisis

2025/4/3
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Odd Lots

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Joe Wiesenthal
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Tim Geithner
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Traci Alloway
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Tim Geithner: 我认为金融危机具有典型的悲剧性,它们在某种意义上是信念和记忆的危机。记忆的丧失以及缺乏对事物崩溃时发生情况的个人经验,会导致人们在危机中无法采取必要的行动。政府在金融危机中犯错的部分原因是,人们不知道该怎么做,因为记忆会随着时间的推移而消退。2020年新冠疫情期间,2008年和2009年期间开发的工具对快速应对疫情起到了重要作用。在应对金融危机时,速度非常重要,需要迅速采取行动,即使细节尚不明确。金融危机发生缓慢,然后迅速恶化,因此需要快速行动。2007年金融危机之所以发生,是因为经济严重失衡,人们借贷过多,资产价格上涨,导致记忆淡忘,并滋生了危机。2007年金融危机中,非银行金融体系的风险比银行体系更大,因为人们认为未来将会一片光明。应对金融危机需要同时采取帮助金融机构和帮助消费者的措施,两者缺一不可。美国在2008年金融危机中没有尽早采取足够的凯恩斯主义财政措施来应对危机。关于2008年金融危机的持续争论是,是否应该为个人做更多的事情。美国在新冠疫情期间的财政应对措施是一个很好的反例,证明了尽早采取大规模财政措施的重要性。美国在应对2008年金融危机时行动迟缓,部分原因是人们缺乏经验,以及美国政治体制的制衡机制导致决策过程缓慢。判断金融危机干预措施的成功与否,可以参考宏观经济指标和金融体系的健康状况。与大萧条和其他主要经济体相比,美国在2008年金融危机中的经济结果要好得多。美国金融体系在2008年金融危机后恢复得更快,这部分归功于采取的干预措施。目前尚不清楚现有的金融体系能否经受住严重的经济衰退的考验。巴塞尔协议对于规范全球金融体系至关重要,但各国可以根据自身情况制定更严格的规定。需要在维持金融体系稳定和防止风险转移到其他领域之间取得平衡。在金融危机干预中,政治现实至关重要,美国政治体制的制衡机制可能会导致行动迟缓。美国应该赋予央行和财政部更多的紧急权力,以应对金融危机。美国经济的稳定性依赖于一些无形因素,例如对美元和美国国债的信任。人们对美国经济稳定性的信心至关重要,这取决于财政责任、美联储的独立性以及对法治和产权的信心。美国在全球金融稳定中扮演着重要角色,为其他国家提供美元流动性。美国在全球金融稳定中扮演着重要角色,这符合美国的自身利益。美国财政部需要进行现代化改革,以提高效率和透明度。在2008年金融危机期间,对银行进行资本重组是美国政府最具创新性的政策之一。 Traci Alloway: 2008年金融危机正在逐渐淡忘,这可能会导致人们在未来危机中缺乏应对经验。 Joe Wiesenthal: 金融危机需要时间才能发生,也需要时间才能让经济失衡。美国政府在应对金融危机时的财政政策总是难以把握分寸。美国政府在2020年疫情期间采取的许多措施,本应在2010年代就采取。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The hosts discuss the fading memory of the 2008 financial crisis and the tendency for financial crises to repeat due to a loss of memory and experience. Tim Geithner emphasizes that financial crises are crises of belief and memory, leading to mistakes in government responses. He suggests that stability breeds instability, and the absence of personal experience with financial collapses causes memories to fade.
  • Financial crises are often repeated due to the loss of memory and experience.
  • Stability breeds instability, leading to a cycle of crises.
  • Folk wisdom and beliefs can hinder effective responses to financial crises.

Shownotes Transcript

The 2008 financial crisis is fading into history, but the risks of something big happening again remain. In this episode, we speak with Tim Geithner, the former US Treasury secretary and head of the New York Fed during the tumultuous collapse of Lehman Brothers. The conversation coincides with the launch of Yale's New Bagehot Project, which is aimed at guiding the next generation of financial crisis-fighters (Geithner is Chair of the program on financial stability at the Yale University School of Management). We talk about what's most important when it comes to putting out financial fires, and what could have been done differently during 2008. And of course, we also talk current risks in the financial system.

Read more:US Debt Load Tops Fed’s Survey of Financial Stability Risks)Fiscal Debt Binge Is World’s Biggest Stability Threat, BIS Says)Subprime Collapse to Global Financial Meltdown: Timeline) Only Bloomberg.com) subscribers can get the Odd Lots newsletter in their inbox each week, plus unlimited access to the site and app. Subscribe at  bloomberg.com/subscriptions/oddlots)

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