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cover of episode Foods to lower your cholesterol

Foods to lower your cholesterol

2023/1/12
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ZOE Science & Nutrition

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Dr. Sarah Berry
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Jonathan Wolf
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Jonathan Wolf:许多人不知道自己胆固醇高,降胆固醇药物市场巨大,但改变饮食或许是降低胆固醇的另一种方法。高胆固醇是全球性健康问题,导致大量死亡。 Dr. Sarah Berry:胆固醇由肝脏产生,人体需要它来合成维生素D、胆汁酸、激素和新细胞。食物中的胆固醇(膳食胆固醇)对大多数人的血液胆固醇影响不大。低密度脂蛋白(LDL)是“坏”胆固醇,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)是“好”胆固醇。“坏”胆固醇(LDL)水平高会增加动脉硬化和心脏病的风险。降低胆固醇是指降低“坏”胆固醇(LDL)并增加“好”胆固醇(HDL)。“组合饮食法”研究表明,饮食改变可以显著降低胆固醇。“组合饮食法”(包含大豆蛋白、植物甾醇、坚果和可溶性纤维)可降低30%的胆固醇,与他汀类药物的效果相似。虽然“组合饮食法”效果显著,但难以长期坚持。地中海饮食是一种可持续的降低胆固醇的饮食模式。膳食胆固醇对血液胆固醇的影响很小,但富含饱和脂肪的食物会显著提高血液胆固醇。高胆固醇患者不应该遵循低脂饮食,应关注脂肪的种类。多不饱和脂肪和单不饱和脂肪(存在于植物油、坚果和种子中)可以降低胆固醇,而饱和脂肪会升高胆固醇。低脂食品中添加的精制碳水化合物和甜味剂会对肝脏造成负面影响,并增加甘油三酯水平。通过简单的饮食调整,例如减少红肉和加工食品的摄入,增加富含纤维的食物和植物蛋白的摄入,可以在短期内降低胆固醇。植物油类涂抹酱是黄油的健康替代品。红肉中饱和脂肪是导致胆固醇升高的主要原因,而非红肉中的胆固醇本身。饮食可以显著改变胆固醇水平,关键在于脂肪的种类而非数量,建议增加健康油脂的摄入,减少饱和脂肪的摄入。建议高胆固醇患者不要减少脂肪摄入量,而应改变脂肪的种类,增加健康油脂(如单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪)的摄入,减少饱和脂肪的摄入。全脂质检测不仅包括胆固醇(HDL和LDL),还包括甘油三酯,甘油三酯对健康同样重要。饮食对甘油三酯水平有很大影响。不要遵循低脂饮食,应关注脂肪的种类,并根据个体对食物的反应进行个性化饮食调整。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The podcast introduces the topic of cholesterol and its impact on health, highlighting the potential of dietary changes over medication.

Shownotes Transcript

More than half of us have high cholesterol — and new research suggests that having even slightly raised levels in our 30s could significantly increase our chances of developing heart disease.

Medication is a common fix, but it comes with side effects. So, today we’re looking at how much changing our diets can help. 

In this short (ish) episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Sarah ask: Can we lower our cholesterol by changing our diets? 

Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/)

Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide)

Studies referenced in the episode:

  • ‘Association between Carbohydrate Intake and Serum Lipids’ from the Journal of the American Nutrition Association here)

  • ‘The Mediterranean Diet And Cardioprotection: Historical Overview And Current Research from the Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare here)

  • ‘Direct comparison of dietary portfolio vs statin on C-reactive protein’ from the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition here)

This podcast was produced by Fascinate Productions).