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cover of episode Is dairy good or bad for you?

Is dairy good or bad for you?

2023/7/6
logo of podcast ZOE Science & Nutrition

ZOE Science & Nutrition

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J
Jonathan
医疗行业资深战略咨询专家,专注于行业趋势分析和策略咨询。
S
Sarah Berry
T
Tim Spector
Topics
Jonathan: 本期节目讨论了乳制品对健康的影响,从过去鼓励饮用牛奶强健骨骼,到如今许多人避免食用乳制品,原因包括炎症、痤疮和心脏病风险等。节目邀请了Sarah Berry和Tim Spector两位营养学专家,探讨了最新科学研究结果。 Sarah Berry: 指出许多人认为乳制品会引起炎症的说法是错误的。大量研究表明,乳制品具有抗炎作用而非促炎作用。她还强调,只有极少数人对乳制品存在真正的过敏反应,而这种过敏反应在成年期非常少见。 Tim Spector: 认为更年期女性为了保护骨骼而饮用牛奶可能并非良策。他指出,牛奶饮用量大的国家骨折率也高,这与牛奶能保护骨骼的说法相悖。他强调钙的来源有很多,不应仅仅依赖牛奶。他还指出,美国政府建议改用低脂或脱脂牛奶的建议是错误的。 此外,两位专家还详细讨论了发酵乳制品(如酸奶和奶酪)和非发酵乳制品(如牛奶和黄油)对健康的影响,以及全脂和低脂乳制品的比较。他们指出,发酵乳制品中的益生菌对免疫系统有益,并且发酵过程改变了乳制品的结构和对人体的影响。他们还强调,应该关注食物整体,而非仅仅关注营养成分。 Sarah Berry: 详细阐述了乳制品对炎症、骨骼健康、心血管疾病和癌症风险的影响。她指出,大量研究表明,乳制品摄入量较高的人群患2型糖尿病、心血管疾病的几率较低,体重也更健康,并且可能对某些癌症具有保护作用。她还指出,在养老院的研究表明,增加乳制品(包括酸奶和奶酪)的摄入量可以减少不良健康结果,包括骨折。她强调,发酵乳制品比非发酵乳制品具有更强的抗炎作用。她还指出,全脂和低脂乳制品对胆固醇水平的影响没有显著差异。 Tim Spector: 深入探讨了发酵乳制品的益处,指出发酵过程中的微生物会产生有益的代谢产物,并刺激肠道微生物的生长。他建议选择优质奶酪,避免高度加工的奶酪,并建议食用kefir等发酵乳制品。他还强调,食用发酵乳制品应少量多次,每天或隔天食用才能发挥益处。他指出,大多数优质奶酪对健康有益,但应避免不含微生物的奶酪,如瑞可塔干酪。他还建议选择全脂、未经加工的酸奶,避免添加人工甜味剂和水果。 Jonathan: 总结了节目的主要观点,包括乳制品并非一概而论,发酵乳制品(如奶酪和酸奶)对健康有益;低脂乳制品通常经过加工,可能不如全脂乳制品健康;全脂和低脂乳制品对健康的益处差异不大。他强调了食物的复杂性,以及关注食物整体而非仅仅关注营养成分的重要性。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The episode debunks the myth that dairy causes inflammation, explaining that it's more related to allergies and lactose intolerance rather than dairy itself.

Shownotes Transcript

Decades ago, there were reams of adverts instructing us to drink our milk so we don’t break our bones. But in the decades since*,* public opinion toward dairy is very different, and the scientific community has largely debunked these ideas. 

Many of the health-conscious among us choose to avoid it altogether. Our reasons range from a belief that dairy leads to inflammation, to acne, or even to an increased risk of heart attack due to high levels of saturated fat. 

But have we fallen into the same trap we often do, bouncing from one extreme to another? Could cutting out dairy mean we miss out on vital nutrients? Or could it hold the secret to a healthy gut microbiome?

Today, Jonathan is joined by ZOE regulars and renowned experts, Dr. Sarah Berry and Prof. Tim Spector.

In this episode, you’ll not only find out whether you should eat dairy or cut it out, but you’ll also hear two leading nutritional scientists try to reach an agreement on how to translate the latest research into actionable advice. And hopefully, they’ll still remain friends afterward. 

Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide)

Timecodes:

00:00 - Intro

00:13 - Jonathan’s Intro

01:38 - Quickfire round

02:45 - Biggest myth about dairy

04:15 - Does dairy cause inflammation? 

10:38 - Bone fragilaty

16:03 - Cheese and Yogurt

16:59 - Full fat vs semi skinned

17:27 - Milk and cholesterol

21:03 - Fermented dairy

23:00 - dairy and microbes

26:03 - Saturated fats

26:51 - Cheese quality 

31:15 - Summary

33:03 - Goodbyes

33:14 - Outro

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