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cover of episode Stop dementia before it starts

Stop dementia before it starts

2024/3/28
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ZOE Science & Nutrition

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Claire Steves
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Jonathan Wolf
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Jonathan Wolf:本期节目讨论痴呆症,特别是如何预防。介绍了痴呆症专家Claire Steves教授,并与她一起探讨了痴呆症的成因、症状、治疗方法以及预防措施。节目中还讨论了新的阿尔茨海默病药物,以及如何通过改变生活方式来降低患病风险。 Claire Steves:痴呆症是一个总称,包括多种认知功能受损的疾病,严重影响日常生活,并随时间逐渐恶化。它与正常的衰老过程有所不同,正常的衰老过程包括认知速度减慢等,而痴呆症则涉及认知功能的进行性下降,严重影响日常生活。记忆力减退和无法进行日常活动是痴呆症的早期预警信号。许多常见的痴呆症是由特定脑区神经元死亡引起的,这可能是基因和环境因素共同作用的结果。阿尔茨海默病是最常见的痴呆症类型,其症状表现为逐渐恶化,通常患者身体状况相对良好。目前有一些新的药物可以清除脑部蛋白质,但其疗效有限,且存在一定的风险。遗传因素在痴呆症的发展中起着重要作用,尤其是在早发性痴呆症中。携带两个APOE4等位基因会显著增加患痴呆症的风险,但并不意味着一定会患病。除了遗传因素外,生活方式在痴呆症的发生发展中也起着关键作用。胎儿时期营养状况会影响大脑发育,从而影响日后患痴呆症的风险。良好的心理健康、社会刺激和体力活动等因素有助于提高认知储备,降低患痴呆症的风险。规律的体力活动和社交活动有助于提高认知储备,保持大脑年轻。牙周病与认知疾病之间存在密切联系,良好的口腔卫生有助于预防痴呆症。社会互动有助于提高认知储备,对大脑健康有益。糖尿病会增加患痴呆症的风险,控制血糖水平有助于降低风险。目前关于激素替代疗法(HRT)与痴呆症风险之间关系的研究结果存在矛盾,尚无确凿证据表明HRT可以预防痴呆症。痴呆症是一个总称,包括多种类型的痴呆症,其症状表现各异。听力障碍会增加患痴呆症的风险,佩戴助听器可以延缓痴呆症的发病。 Claire Steves: 痴呆症并非衰老的必然结果,积极的生活方式干预可以有效降低患病风险。通过改善饮食结构,增加植物性食物的摄入,减少加工食品和糖分的摄入,可以有效改善心血管健康,从而降低痴呆症的风险。此外,坚持规律的体力活动,例如每周至少三次45分钟的步行,也有助于提高认知储备,延缓认知衰退。良好的口腔卫生、积极的社会互动以及充足的睡眠也对预防痴呆症至关重要。虽然目前有一些新的药物可以清除脑部蛋白质,但其疗效有限,且存在一定的风险。因此,预防仍然是应对痴呆症的关键策略。

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Dementia is a condition involving cognitive decline affecting daily life, unlike normal aging which includes manageable cognitive changes like slower reaction times.

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How early should you start taking dementia seriously?

Here’s 5 things you can do now to reduce dementia risk today.

Professor Claire Steves and Jonathan Wolf explore the multifaceted world of dementia. They delve into the significance of dental health, genetics, diet, and physical activity — plus, they unpack the latest research — to give you practical strategies for preventing dementia.

Claire is a consultant physician in geriatric medicine at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. She’s also a senior clinical lecturer at King's College London and deputy clinical director of the institution’s Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology where she leads research on the characterization of physical and mental aging traits and frailty.

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Timecodes:

00:00 - Introduction

01:26 - Quickfire questions on dementia

02:42 - Main discussion: understanding dementia

04:18 - Control over fate with dementia

06:52 - Why older people get more fractures

08:32 - Warning signs of dementia

09:55 - Unique aspects of dementia

12:12 - Cellular level discussion on dementia

15:49 - Risk factors for dementia

16:07 - Inheritance and dementia

18:29 - High-risk factors for dementia

19:15 - Fetal development and dementia risk

21:47 - Brain reserves and mental health

24:24 - New advances in dementia treatment

30:47 - Medications and life expectancy

33:21 - Diet and dementia prevention

35:58 - The role of physical activity

39:45 - Oral health and dementia

42:10 - Social interaction and brain health

44:02 - Diabetes and dementia

45:36 - Women, HRT, and dementia

49:09 - Recap: Types of dementia

53:39 - Hearing aids and dementia prevention

55:39 - Episode sign-off

Studies related to today’s episode:

- Brain-age is associated with progression to dementia in memory clinic patients) from NeuroImage Clinical

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Episode transcripts are available here).