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cover of episode Trans fats: how worried should you be?

Trans fats: how worried should you be?

2023/4/6
logo of podcast ZOE Science & Nutrition

ZOE Science & Nutrition

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J
Jonathan Wolfe
S
Sarah Berry
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Sarah Berry: 本期节目讨论了反式脂肪,包括其定义、来源、对健康的潜在影响以及食品工业中使用的替代品。反式脂肪分为两种:工业生产型和天然型。工业生产的反式脂肪是通过部分氢化过程产生的,该过程将不饱和植物油转化为更坚硬的脂肪,最初被认为是更健康的替代品,但后来被证明会增加患心脏病的风险。天然反式脂肪存在于某些动物产品中,其对健康的负面影响似乎不如工业生产的反式脂肪。在西方国家,食品工业已经改变了对反式脂肪酸的做法,美国和英国的食品中不再含有工业来源的反式脂肪。然而,去除反式脂肪后,需要寻找替代品,以保持食品的熔点和硬度,这需要权衡健康和成本。美国食品行业使用完全氢化过程将液体油转化为硬脂肪,然后与液体油混合以获得所需的熔点。英国和欧洲使用混合液体油(如菜籽油和棕榈油)和酯交换工艺来生产具有不同熔点的脂肪。英国和美国使用不同脂肪的原因是消费者认知差异。部分氢化过程会产生有害的反式脂肪,而完全氢化过程则不会。完全氢化过程将液体不饱和油转化为饱和脂肪(硬脂酸),对血胆固醇的影响似乎是中性的。完全氢化脂肪虽然是饱和脂肪,但其对健康的负面影响远小于反式脂肪。完全氢化脂肪与天然饱和脂肪相比,对健康的危害程度相当。大多数国家已经消除了反式脂肪,俄罗斯是少数仍在大量使用反式脂肪的国家之一。世界卫生组织的目标是在2023年前从全球食品中完全消除反式脂肪。总而言之,在英国和美国,人们不必担心工业来源的反式脂肪,因为它们已经从食品中消失了,而天然存在于某些食物中的反式脂肪似乎也没有工业生产的反式脂肪那样的负面影响。反式脂肪的替代品需要考虑脂肪的健康影响和功能性,需要比较功能上等效的脂肪的健康影响,例如人造黄油和黄油。许多商业化生产的植物油比许多动物性脂肪更健康。 Jonathan Wolfe: 本节目主要围绕反式脂肪展开讨论,从其历史渊源到现代食品工业中的应用和替代方案,以及对公众健康的潜在影响。节目中,Jonathan Wolfe 与 Sarah Berry 博士探讨了反式脂肪的化学特性、其在食品工业中的作用,以及为什么在 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代,反式脂肪被广泛应用于人造黄油等食品中。他们还讨论了 20 世纪 90 年代以来,关于反式脂肪对健康有害的科学证据,以及世界卫生组织的建议。节目中还探讨了食品工业如何应对反式脂肪的健康风险,以及他们使用了哪些替代品,包括完全氢化和酯交换等工艺。最后,他们总结了目前关于反式脂肪的科学共识,以及消费者应该如何看待反式脂肪及其替代品。

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Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat, with both industrial and natural sources. Industrially produced trans fats were initially used as a low-cost, healthier alternative to saturated fats, but later research revealed their harmful effects.

Shownotes Transcript

Trans fats have a bad reputation. But we now know a lot more about these fats than we did when the first horror stories about them emerged. 

So, based on the latest science, just how worried should we be?

Listen to today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition to find out. 

Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/)

Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide)

Studies referenced in the episode:

Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials), published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

- Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis), published in Annals of Internal Medicine 

- Potential of trans fats policies to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from coronary heart disease in England: cost effectiveness modelling study), published in British Medical Journal

- WHO calls for action) to totally eliminate trans fat, ‘a toxic chemical that kills’

- Trans fatty acids) - are the effects only marginal? - published in American Journal of Public Health

A trans European Union difference) in the decline in trans fatty acids in popular foods: a market basket investigation, published in British Medical Journal

Episode transcripts are available here).

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