cover of episode Hour 2: The Siege of Tyre

Hour 2: The Siege of Tyre

2025/6/13
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主持人:我将讲述亚历山大大帝围攻泰尔的故事。泰尔这个名字可能对某些人来说很熟悉,因为圣经中有一两节预言提到了它。圣经预言泰尔会被毁灭,变成一块光秃秃的岩石,成为渔民晒网的地方。在讲述亚历山大大帝的故事之前,先简单介绍一下泰尔的位置。泰尔位于黎巴嫩,地中海沿岸,以色列北部。故事发生在公元前300年左右,当时最强大的帝国是阿契美尼德波斯帝国。泰尔城受波斯控制,但并非真正的波斯城市,而是腓尼基城市。迦太基也是一座腓尼基城市。波斯帝国非常庞大且富有,对被征服者来说还算不错。波斯人更倾向于做生意,而不是像亚述人那样残暴。波斯人通过征服来做生意,允许保留宗教习俗和传统。泰尔受波斯控制,但实际上是腓尼基城市,腓尼基人是航海民族。腓尼基人通过航海贸易变得非常富有。腓尼基人热衷于儿童献祭,这与上帝的意愿背道而驰。腓尼基人会活活烧死儿童作为祭品,这非常可怕。腓尼基人因不悔改而与上帝为敌,最终走向灭亡。

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This chapter sets the stage for the story of Alexander the Great's siege of Tyre by referencing a prophecy from Ezekiel 26:3, which foretells the destruction of Tyre. It then provides background information on the location of Tyre in Lebanon, its Phoenician origins, and its wealth, contrasting the relatively benevolent rule of the Persian Empire with the barbaric practices of the Phoenicians, particularly their widespread practice of child sacrifice.
  • Ezekiel 26:3 prophecy about Tyre's destruction
  • Tyre's location in Lebanon
  • Phoenician origins of Tyre
  • Persian control over Tyre
  • Phoenician child sacrifice

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It is the Jesse Kelly show. Another hour of the Jesse Kelly show on an amazing, a fantastic Thursday. And here's what's in store for this hour.

History time, baby. No more politics. I don't want to talk about raids and the EPA and the idiots in Congress and other... We've done that all week long. And I have owed you this story for quite some time. So we, you and me, we're about to take some time. Maybe this is part one. Maybe I'll do the whole thing. I have no earthly idea. But we are about to take a long time.

And we're about to discuss Alexander the Great in one of the most amazing sieges you've ever heard of in your life. Alexander the Great in the siege of a place called Tyre. T-Y-R-E. And actually, maybe, depending on your upbringing or your church attendance now, or just reading the Bible, maybe that name sounds familiar to you. You see...

There's this prophetic verse or two. There's a couple of those in the Bible. I think that'd probably be a good place to start out. Maybe you could call this a little foreshadowing, if you will. Ezekiel 26, verse 3. Therefore, thus says the Lord God...

"Behold, I am against you, O Tyre, and I will bring up many nations against you as the sea brings up its waves. They shall destroy the walls of Tyre and break down her towers. I will scrape her soil from her and make her a bare rock. She shall be in the middle of the sea, a place for the spreading of nets, for I have spoken," declares the Lord God. Now let us discuss how things worked out for Tyre.

First, before we get to Alexander the Great, let's discuss briefly, tire, where it is, what we're actually talking about here. As always...

Maps help. If you are not driving, may I invite you to open up your phone or a computer if you're in front of it, and I want you to look up Lebanon. Lebanon. You know where it is. Lebanon, just north of Israel over there. You know where it is. This is the Mediterranean, Lebanon. Okay? We don't have to get more specific than that, but you can leave the map open if you'd like. This is our area for our story here.

Now we are back in, we're 300 years before Christ. Okay. This is the time of Alexander the Great. That's not exact, but remember, history is not names, dates, and locations. That stuff is boring. History is storytelling. Roughly 300 years before Christ. That's the time we're in. Okay. And at this time, the wealthiest, you would probably argue most powerful empire on the planet was

is the Achaemenid Persian Empire. It's often known as just the Persian Empire or the Achaemenid Empire, but the Achaemenid Persian Empire. And they are in control of this area at this particular time. Now, pause on that for a moment. Let me explain something else. This city, Tyre, it isn't necessarily Persian Empire.

It's under Persian control. And this is going to matter for our story at some point in time. That's why I'm boring you with a little bit of this background and this detail. Yes, the Persians want it. The Persians own it. The Persians are in control of it. But it's not really a Persian city. It is a Phoenician city. The Phoenicians, I'm not going to go into all this stuff, but you've heard of a Phoenician city before. Carthage.

Carthage is a Phoenician city. What, Chris? What? Chris said, isn't that Persia? Well, it's under control of Persia at the time. You see, the Persian Empire at this time was massive. They had fought wars. They had done all this conquest. They were not only massive, they were infamously wealthy. And I know they're kind of the bad guys in this story, at least for dudes, because dudes all cheer for Alexander the Great. I'm no different. They were...

For the time, not a bad empire to be conquered by. We're not talking about the Assyrians here where they're going to stuff a hook through the bottom of your mouth, put it out underneath your tongue, chain you and your wife and kids up on a long chain and drag you off to slavery. And they might flay you alive when you get there. The Persians didn't really operate in that way. The Persians, you could probably call them the Donald Trump of the time. The Persians wanted to do business.

Hey, you want to do business? Yeah, we're going to conquer you, and don't get me wrong, we will send our armies and we'll smash you, but why don't we just do business? We'll take over. You're going to have to pay tribute. When we call for troops, that's fine, but we're not going to abuse you.

You can have your religious practices and you can keep your tradition. I don't care. We're here for business. That's how the Persians handled conquest. And that's why Tyre was under control of the Persians, but wasn't really Persian. They were Phoenician. The Phoenician people, we're not going to go into all that. Here's your one minute explainer on the Persian people. They were a seafaring people who,

They really ruled the Mediterranean by owning the waves. They were a merchant slash Navy people. And that's going to matter for our story. A merchant slash Navy people. They figured out how to go to and fro on the water, which was a big deal back then. And there weren't speed boats. They figured out how to go to and fro on the water.

Because they were on the ocean, because they figured out how to trade across the water, they were stupid wealthy. Carthage was wealthy. Tyre was wealthy. These Phoenician cities were crazy wealthy. Now, maybe you're focusing on the biblical aspect of this because I opened up with a biblical verse. In case you're wondering what was God's axe to grind with these people, they were big on child sacrifice.

Like, really, really, really big on child sacrifice. And not that there's any kind of wonderful child sacrifice, Planned Parenthood. Not that there's any kind of wonderful way to kill children, but they burnt them alive. It's horrible. Really, really terrible. And it's not that this would be okay. We're not even just talking babies. Children who are older...

They would just cook them alive. A real, real demonic eve. The Phoenicians, it was what they did. It was part of their religious practice and they wouldn't repent and they got crossways with God and that generally ends with right way. The wrong, of the same way every single time. We'll set that aside. That's Tyre at the time. Phoenician society, Lebanon, that's where you need to think of, under control of the Persians. You with me so far? Now, let's go the other way.

Everyone has seen the movie 300 or everyone at least has heard of this. I take that back. Kids, please don't watch the movie 300. Definitely not for the kids. People know the story of the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae. If you don't, the Persians invaded Greece. Okay. And that was a complicated affair. The Persians felt they were completely justified invading Greece, but the Persians invaded Greece.

This was a long time, over a century before where we are now. But time is a funny thing. Meaning how we think about time now isn't how they always thought about it because the pace of our life is so much faster now. If I was to take you right now and I was to tell you, hey, you...

You need to get a hold of your mother. You need to wait five hours. It's really important that you talk to your mother, but you have to wait five hours to do it. That would be stressful, wouldn't it? Five hours? Why? Why can't I call her? I need to get a hold of mom. I can text her right now. I can pick up a phone. If I was to teleport you back to just the year 1900 and say, you need to talk to your mom now.

And you'll talk to her in five hours. You'll be blown away by the speed of it. Whoa, really? That's amazing. What are you, teleporting me there? Greece had not let go of the Persian invasion. When we hear, it was 150 years earlier, time to get over it. Everybody's dead by then. They were not over it at all. For the very proud Greeks, very...

That was an affront to them. That was an offense that was ingrained in Greek society, and they were mortified that these uppity Persians and all their money took a big army and they came and invaded Greece. Now, that's the Greek tire situation, or that's the tire situation, the Phoenician situation. That's the Greek axe to grind. Now, let's introduce Alexander the Great. Next.

Jesse Kelly. It is the Jesse Kelly show on a Thursday driving the show off the rails as we do from time to time because it's history time on the Jesse Kelly show delivering on my Alexander the Great siege of tires story that I had promised you. I left it up to you.

And that's the one you wanted, so that's the one you're getting. So that was Tyre, the Phoenicians. We'll come back there. Well, more specifically, Alexander the Great's about to come back there. Alexander the Great. It is one of the most amazing stories ever. And believe it or not, I'm actually not talking about his military conquests. I'm talking about the creation of this man. How do you... What does it take...

to create somebody who's capable of conquering the world at the age of 25? What does it take to create somebody who at the age of 20 is commanding armies, who never loses?

Surely there is something to his background, right? Well, there is a lot to his background, not all of which I'm going to go into right now, but we have to discuss it because one, it's fascinating. And two, you can't understand the man until you understand first his father. His father is Philip II. His father is one of the most amazing and bravest conquerors of my lifetime.

of my lifetime that I've ever heard about. He died before I got here. Philip II, Philip of Macedon. Macedonia is considered Greek by us, but at the time when Philip was coming up, they were considered ruffians, barbarians, those northern wilderness people, okay? Picture Athens as New York City,

And people from New York City who love New York City, how do they look at people from rural Alabama? That is very similar to how the people of Athens looked at Macedonia. Those stupid hicks, they're uncivilized. That's how they looked at it. But Philip of Macedon, he had this upbringing where he had a bunch of military training and hicks or rural or whatever they may have been, the Macedonians were tough as nails.

They were just a tough people. They lived in a tough environment. They were always at war. They were at war with Greece. They were at war with other ruffian tribes to their north. They were a warlike people from a warlike area, and they were tough as nails. And along comes this very sharp man named Philip, Philip II, and he has a plan. And his plan is this.

No more separate Greek city-states. No more Sparta fighting Athens, who's fighting Thebes, who's fighting us. No more of this. I am going to raise an amazing army. I'm going to reform it.

And I am going to go conquer Greece and unify it under my command. That's what Philip wanted to do. And over years and years and years, I just look, that could be 10 shows. What I just breezed through in three sentences over years and years and years. He did it. He did it through bribery. He did it through conquest. He reformed the army.

His army was experienced and to his credit, Philip II, unlike these loser politicians today, was at the front at all times. Philip almost died in combat more times than I can count. At one point, he got shot in the eye with an arrow. At one point, he broke both of his legs at the same time. Philip II had more wounds than you can possibly imagine. But

He finally did it. Now, along the way, Philip II picked up a bunch of wives. That was a Macedonian thing. They believed in a bunch of wives. Not our place to judge, I guess, at this point in time, but it was really their thing. They had a bunch of wives, and one of those wives was Alexander the Great's mother. We're not going to go into her in depth, but she is a vicious woman, no question.

You don't know what propaganda to believe, but we know she was a vicious woman capable of killing people and did so quite often. You know how I just said Philip had a bunch of wives? Well, Philip is a king who takes the throne when the king dies. One of the king's sons. Philip had another son. The other son got brain damage. Everyone kind of acknowledges it was Alexander the Great's mother who pretty much, she did something to him, probably poisoned. She poisoned him.

And just wrecked his mind. So now, look at that. No more succession crisis. Looks like the other boy's got some mental issues. Oh, is he drooling on himself? I guess we'll have to go with Alexander. This is the kind of woman we're talking about here. She marries Philip.

She sleeps with snakes as part of her religious custom. That's not just propaganda. Yeah, Chris, she was a worshiper of Dionysus. It's this weird Greek god that believed in snakes. When I say sleeps with, I mean there are snakes in her bed. I get it. That's the kind of exotic person we're talking about here. The kind of girl you run off with for a couple weeks in college and then regret your decisions and never tell mom about it. You got me? That's Philip.

That's his wife. So already, what kind of a child are these people going to have? They have Alexander. Alexander the Great has all the physical tools, apparently. He was short, but not ridiculously short. He was fairly average for the time. 5'6", they think. 5'7", no one knows for sure. He was reportedly strong, very strong, and very fast. People talk all the time about his speed, that he could run, that he moved very quickly.

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We'll be back to politics at some point. Maybe today. Maybe tomorrow. But tomorrow's Ask Dr. Jesse Friday, so you need to get your questions emailed in, whatever they may be, to jesse at jessikellyshow.com. Back to Alexander the Great. He's got this warrior conquer father who just unified Greece. He has this raging psychopath mother who may just be a lovely woman. Well, I don't think there's any chance she was a lovely woman, but she loved her son.

She would kill for her son and did. And that wasn't the only upbringing he had. Philip's father. Look, think about this. What kind of a king who can send people to do what he wants? What kind of a king is in the front of his army at all times getting wounded? Not just a brave one, but a brave one who will demand that of his son. Philip Pilgrim.

starts to transform Alexander, starts to train Alexander as a boy into a military machine. Alexander the Great is receiving not just classes, not just alongside his father on military campaigns, not just sitting around the table with the other generals sipping wine, figuring out how to move this and that.

He is sending Alexander the Great on forced marches. He hires somebody to harden him, essentially turn him into a beast, put him through a one-on-one boot camp. But it's more than that. They are training him to be a king. They bring up Aristotle. Ever heard of Aristotle? Alexander the Great and his other friends, all of his friends would be generals, kids, and things like that.

They receive personal schooling from Aristotle himself. Again, it's like he was created to be a conqueror in a lab in every sense of the word. He is competitive. Every account, accounts that hate him, accounts that love him, every account from the time cites the fact that Alexander the Great is obsessively competitive.

And that is one of those qualities. I'm not saying you have to have that quality because everybody is not built the same way. But that is one of those qualities that uber successful people possess almost every time. Michael Jordan is famously so competitive that it gets kind of unpleasant to be around. He'll play ping pong. When he was on the Dream Team, they would play ping pong together.

And eventually ping pong became not fun because Michael Jordan couldn't take losing. Just obsessive. Just awful. Tom Brady. Business leader types. Bezos is this way. Elon Musk is uber, uber competitive guys that hate to lose. He's one of those types of guys. All right. Let's fast forward to the celebration which I referenced the other day. There's a huge celebration for Philip II.

Philip II is murdered in front of everybody at this celebration. One of his bodyguards, former lover, I don't know, kind of weird. Why are you gay? Former lover, one of his bodyguards takes a dagger and jams it into Philip II's ribs. He bleeds out and dies in front of everyone.

Lo and behold, the assassin, instead of being captured, is killed immediately. A little bit suspicious. You would normally want to grab that guy alive and pull his fingernails out to figure out who hired him. So now we'll never know. Was it Philip II's wife? Who knows? We'll never know. It doesn't matter. We're never going to solve that mystery now. Now Alexander the Great, as a young man, I believe he's 20 at the time, is in command of the finest army in the world. Philip II, having unified Greece...

was already getting ready to invade the Achaemenid Persian Empire, the one we had talked about before. He already had, what do I mean by getting ready? He already had 10,000 men in Persia attacking Persia, basically building up supply depots in Persia. Philip II was coming. The boats were ready. He was going. The army was prepped.

Boom, he's dead. Alexander the Great steps up immediately with the backing of Philip II's generals, and Alexander the Great says, I'm the guy. Alexander's mom murders everybody. Everyone who may have contended for the throne, that's the kind of woman she was. Look, Alexander the Great, I'm sure, helped a bit, and now Alexander the Great is pretty much free.

He first has to put down some rebellions at home. Those tribes up north were bad. He goes up, beats the crap out of them, does a bunch of really cool things. That's a story for another time. We already talked about Thebes the other day. The major Greek city decided they were going to rebel. Bad idea. Thebes didn't understand what they were dealing with.

Also remember Alexander the Great is famously short-tempered, prideful, competitive, and short-tempered. At one point during the peace negotiations, Thebes makes fun of him.

Almost always a bad idea. And Thebes also brags to Alexander the Great that they're being paid by the Persians to rebel. Now he's really mad. Alexander the Great wipes out the city of Thebes. Whoever doesn't get killed and raped gets sold into slavery. He tears down virtually every building, eliminating one of the oldest, greatest cities in Greece. Wipes it out. Gone. Now it's Persia time, baby.

He gathers this army. He crosses the sea. The Persian emperor, he's a man by the name of Darius. He is aware of Alexander. He is, I will not say afraid, but he's not taking him lightly at all. He dealt with his father enough to know this is a serious family. And he just sat back and watched Alexander the Great beat the living crap out of all the rebellious people at home,

He is aware that this young man is a capable young man. He's young, but he's capable. And he's coming over to Persia with a very capable army. Darius himself, as we mentioned earlier in the show, is in command of really the most. You would think before this, look, before the war starts, if you're handicapping things, you're looking at it and you're saying, well, the Persian Empire is the most powerful empire on the planet.

So Darius gathers up a very large army as Alexander the Great invades, and he squares off with him. This is not the Siege of Tyre. It's the Battle of Issus. It's a very famous battle. I'm not going to go into it now because that's not what we're discussing. Darius gets his teeth kicked in badly. He shows up. I don't want to say he underestimated him. He brought a very sizable force, but he's not Alexander the Mediocre, is he?

Alexander the Great is really, really good at what he does. And he beats the living crap out of Darius's army. He beats him so soundly that Darius has to flee the field or be killed himself. Probably not going to win any chivalry points. He left behind his wife, his mother, and his children. And Alexander the Great took possession of Darius's wife, mother, and children.

Now, Darius, remember, you need to think about this geographically because we're about to get to Tyre itself. Darius has taken off. He still has a bunch of troops. But physically, geographically, that's what I don't want to say physically. Geographically, the Achaemenid Persian Empire is huge. It's massive.

He has disappeared back into the interior of it as he leaves and goes to gather another army so he can go back and fight Alexander the Great again. When we picture these old wars, Alexander's battles, for instance, we picture that Alexander, oh, well, he fought him at this one place and then they moved over to this other place and they fought again. That's not how it works. If you're Alexander the Great...

You can't leave Persian troops, Persian cities behind you.

You have to supply thousands of men with food and weapons and medical supplies and new troops. You have to secure everything as you go. It's a slow process. It's not show up one day, win one battle, and you won. It doesn't work that way. Now, Alexander has to secure the ports, secure the port cities along the Mediterranean. It's time to go to Tyre, but first it's time for some chalk.

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Give it 90 days. Tell me how you feel. We'll be back. Get the cure for rhinos. Weekdays with the Jesse Kelly Show. It is the Jesse Kelly Show on a fantastic Thursday. I haven't decided if I'm even going to go back to politics. I really genuinely don't know because I'm not going to finish this story in the next 10 minutes. Do I finish it next hour? Maybe I'll ask Chris and Corey. Chris, Corey, Corey.

Do I go back to politics and make them wait till Monday because I can't do it tomorrow and ask Dr. Jesse Friday? Or do I finish the siege of Tyre today? Chris said, we'll see what's in the news. Okay, fair enough. Fair enough. Now, Alexander the Great just defeated King Darius of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. And he has to do things. Remember, I told you to look at Lebanon because that's the area we're in. He's looking at all that coastline.

And along that coastline, back then, there are cities. Remember, we're about 300 years before Christ. There are cities there. And Alexander the Great, he's up north. Okay, so he's going north to south. He starts conquering these cities. He wants, he needs control of these port cities. He has to have it. He can't have port cities legal to the Persian Empire in his rear. They'll attack him in the rear. They won't have...

I realize that made me sound like Lindsey Graham. They'll attack his supply lines. He can't have it. Okay? So he starts attacking. And he starts taking city after city after city until he gets to the city that is our subject today. And this city is known as Tyre. This is the important thing you need to understand. Don't worry. It's easy to understand. He gets to the city on the coast. That city is known as

as old Tyre. Remember that Bible verse we read at the beginning, book of Ezekiel? That's old Tyre they were talking about. Old Tyre is the one right there on the coast. Not exactly heavily defended, but very, very old. Why wouldn't it be very heavily defended? Because the people of Tyre, the Tyrenes, they found themselves a new gig in

About, look, I've read half a mile. I've read three quarters of a mile. One dirty European said one kilometer, like anybody knows what that means. But right off the coast of Old Tyre, out into the Mediterranean is an island. This island is known as New Tyre. It is a large, very, very large island.

Island town slash fortress in every sense of the word. In fact, we get the question a lot on Ask Dr. Jesse Friday, if you could go witness an old battle or witness something from history, what would be your one thing? This is on my short list just to see the city and see another aspect of this battle, which I'll get to in a moment. But this is an island fortress.

It has a couple of fortified harbors on it, which is everything. Remember, these are a naval people that'll come into play. They have ships. This island has walls that are allegedly, there's a lot of dispute on whether people believe this, that are allegedly 150 feet high. Whether or not they were actually 150 feet high, that doesn't matter. What matters is they were high, surrounded by high walls. And again, it's an island.

Alexander doesn't have an army. Alexander cannot allow this Persian loyal city in his rear. He has to take it somehow, some way. So he first tries the clever route. Alexander was a Greek, obviously, considered himself to be Greek. And you know they had all these different gods, Zeus and all that. Tyre, it had a temple. Old Tyre had a temple and new Tyre had a temple.

Both of these temples were to Hercules. You know who Hercules was, ancient Greek hero. New Tyre had a bigger, nicer temple, obviously, than Old Tyre. Remember, Old Tyre is the one on the coast, just kind of ancient, collecting dust. Alexander, trying to be clever, gets with the Tyre people and says, Hey, you have a beautiful island. I've heard there's a beautiful temple to Hercules. And I, Alexander the Great,

Would really love to go out there and make some sacrifices to Hercules in that temple. Do you mind if me and some friends come out to your island and pay homage to Hercules? The people of Tyre were not fools. This guy had been rampaging through Persia for a while. They said, oh, hey, that's...

That's going to be a no, but guess what? Good news. We have another temple in Old Tire. Go make your sacrifices there. Okay, so everyone understands the game. Alexander the Great receives that news about as well as you would expect he received that news. And so he now decides to wipe out Old Tire. Remember that?

Biblical passage I read in the very beginning, the prophecy that this city is going to essentially be scraped down to soil. Yeah, Alexander the Great did that. He wiped the entire place out, but he wiped it out with a purpose. You see, Tyre made a horrible mistake, a horrible mistake, mistakes that people used to make against Genghis Khan, and for some reason they made them against Alexander the Great too.

Alexander the Great had sent envoys to Tyre. Tyre not only killed his diplomats, his ambassadors. These are peaceful people just coming out to talk. Tyre not only killed them in front of Alexander. Remember, he's half a mile offshore. He can watch all this. They threw the bodies of his envoys in the Mediterranean. That was not a good move to make. So Alexander the Great sets about...

destroying and building at the same time, if you will. Why did he remove all the buildings? Why was essentially no stone? Apparently there weren't two stones still stacked on each other by the time he was done with old Tyre. Was this purely out of spite? Well, don't get me wrong. That's something Alexander would do. But no, it wasn't purely out of spite. Alexander the Great doesn't have a navy. He has an army. He needs to attack an island.

So he decides to build a bridge, a causeway more specifically. He is emptying old Tyre of all the stones that had built it, and he's throwing them in the water and building a causeway out to new Tyre. And you know what? I'm not even leaving it up to Chris and Corey. We're going to tell this tale in its completion next. Maybe we'll get to some politics in a little bit before we do that.

You know how bad your back would hurt after carrying those stones around all day long? Probably hurt you for the rest of your life. And you really have to feel for them because these people didn't have relief factor to take that pain away. They had to live with that inflammation. Their hands would be hurting. I can just see them. Can't you see them rubbing their hands like you do all the time? Your neck would hurt, probably strain a knee. You have something they don't. You have relief factor.

Relief Factor is 100% drug free. It's a supplement. It's not there to mask your pain. It's there to remove it by attacking the inflammation that's causing it. You don't have to take my word for it. Try it. It's $19.95 to try it. That gives you three weeks of it. Take it every day for three weeks and tell me how your back feels. Your foot. Your knee.

Call 1-800-THE-NUMBER-4-RELIEF or go to relieffactor.com. It's time to build a causeway with some wrinkles. Next.

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