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cover of episode 13: Garry Kasparov - Avoiding Zugzwang in AI and Politics

13: Garry Kasparov - Avoiding Zugzwang in AI and Politics

2019/11/23
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Eric Weinstein: 探讨了人工智能的局限性，特别是其在创造力和策略性思维方面的不足，以及人类在面对AI的挑战时如何保持竞争力。他提出了一个关键问题：在围棋等游戏中，人工智能已经超越人类，那么人类是否应该寻找新的、更能体现人类优势的游戏或领域？ Garry Kasparov: 他认为深蓝并非真正意义上的智能，只是犯错更少，并强调了1997年人机大战最重要的教训：减少错误比复制人类决策过程更重要。他指出，如今的电脑象棋水平已远超深蓝，甚至普通笔记本电脑上的象棋引擎就能击败世界冠军。他认为机器无法创造“妙招”，因为妙招基于创造力，而机器的运作基于概率和已知规则。他认为人类的优势不在于在封闭系统中与机器竞争，而在于将知识从一个封闭系统转移到另一个系统的能力，以及在开放系统中展现创造力和策略性思维。他以AlphaZero为例，说明了人工智能在学习和策略方面的进步，但也强调了人工智能仍然需要人类的引导。 Eric Weinstein: 提出了一个关于人类创造力和AI的有趣问题：我们是否能够对计算机进行编程，使其能够理解和创造‘妙招’等具有艺术性和创造性的东西，而不是仅仅依靠蛮力计算？他认为，人类的创造力可能在于将封闭系统转化为开放系统的能力。 Garry Kasparov: 他详细解释了不同类型的象棋（如欧洲象棋、中国象棋、日本将棋等），以及这些象棋游戏如何反映不同文化和军事战略。他认为，虽然机器在计算能力方面已经超越人类，但它们无法理解和创造人类的“妙招”，因为这需要创造力和冒险精神，而机器的运作总是基于概率和已知规则。他认为，人类的优势在于能够接受失败的风险，并从中学习和进步。

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Garry Kasparov discusses his background, name change, and rise to prominence in the chess world.

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In this cordially combative episode, Eric sits down with Russian chess legend, multiple-year champion and (inarguably) one of the greatest players of all time, Garry Kasparov. The two discuss transcending AI-induced demotivation, AI brilliancy (and lack thereof), the perilous time for global democracy in Russia, America and globally and Garry's penchant for risking his life for what he believes in. Beyond Chess, Garry is an active political dissident and truth seeker; founding the Russian "United Civil Front" and speaking out against Putin since his retirement from the game in 2005, he's an ardent defender of democracy in Russia and abroad. 1997 was also a watershed year for Garry; it was the year that AI - in the form of IBM's Deep Blue - was able to beat the best chess player in the world (Kasparov). Since then, Garry's been thinking deeply about the role of a newly positioned mankind in the world of a rising AI. From tech displacement to political unrest, please enjoy this wide ranging episode covering some of the most crucial issues of our time. 

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