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John Dixon: 本期节目探讨了教会免税的起源。公元4世纪初,罗马帝国对基督教进行残酷迫害。公元312年,君士坦丁大帝皈依基督教后,迅速做出决定,给予教会税收减免。起初,这可能是灾难救济或对迫害的赔偿,而非对基督教的特别优待。公元321年,君士坦丁大帝颁布法令,允许人们将财产无税捐赠给教会,这极大地增加了教会的财产和影响力。除了税收减免,教会神职人员还被免除各种公共服务义务,这在当时也是一种重要的经济利益。君士坦丁大帝认为,神职人员探访病人、施舍、布道等活动本身就是宝贵的公共服务。罗马帝国中,其他宗教祭司、教授、医生和犹太会堂领袖也享有免除公共义务的权利,君士坦丁大帝只是将此特权扩展到基督教神职人员。为了防止富人利用教会免税的权利逃避公共义务,法律规定只有贫穷的人才能成为神职人员。罗马帝国法律认为主教和神职人员享有特权,是因为他们不仅为帝国祈祷,也照顾穷人。大多数罗马人对教会的税收优惠并没有强烈的反感,他们逐渐将教会视为一个良性的社会组织。公元329年的一项法令明确指出,教会免税是因为它是帝国主要的慈善机构,富人应该承担世俗义务(纳税和公共服务),而穷人则应该由教会的财富来支持。教会在四世纪获得免税地位,是因为它是帝国主要的慈善机构,这项法律至今仍在几乎所有西方国家生效。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The tax-free status for churches originated with Constantine the Great in the 4th century, motivated by his conversion to Christianity and aimed at supporting the clergy and the church's activities.

Shownotes Transcript

John Dickson takes a deep dive into the murky world of church finances to discover the pagan ruler responsible for granting Christian congregations their special financial privileges.

When the most powerful man in the world becomes a believer, things are definitely going to change.

But what did this ruler actually have in mind when he gifted churches and clergy their tax free status? Press play to find out.