cover of episode Best of: The future of culture

Best of: The future of culture

2025/3/14
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The Future of Everything

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Michele Gelfand
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Russ Altman
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Russ Altman: 我主持了与Michele Gelfand教授关于紧密型和松散型文化的讨论。我们探讨了文化对个体、组织和社会的影响,以及如何理解文化差异以更好地适应世界。我们还讨论了文化智力(CQ)在跨文化谈判和领导力中的作用。 Michele Gelfand: 文化是无形的,由规范、价值观和信仰构成。紧密型文化严格执行社会规范,而松散型文化则较为宽松。这种差异影响着个体行为、组织运作和国家发展。历史、生态和人口流动性等因素会影响文化的紧密程度。 文化智力(CQ)是独立于智商(IQ)和情商(EQ)的,它能预测人们在全球商业环境中的表现。高文化智力的人在跨文化谈判中能更好地协调合作,达成更好的交易。文化智力可以通过学习、旅行、培训等方式提升。 文化进化错配是指文化特征在环境变化时可能成为问题。在疫情期间,松散型文化在应对客观威胁方面适应性较差。在没有实际威胁但人们夸大威胁的情况下,也会出现文化进化错配,例如一些民粹主义领导人利用威胁言论。 紧密与松散没有好坏之分,取决于具体的标准和情境。我们需要在不同情境下灵活调整,在保持秩序的同时保持开放性。 Michele Gelfand: 文化是一个多层次的概念,从国家到个人都有体现。紧密型文化通常在高威胁环境下进化,而松散型文化则在低威胁环境下进化。紧密型文化强调秩序和协调,而松散型文化则强调开放性和创造性。 文化智力(CQ)是理解和适应不同文化的能力。它包括认知、动机和行为三个方面。高CQ的人能够更好地在跨文化环境中进行沟通和合作。CQ可以通过学习和实践来提高。 文化进化错配是指文化特征在环境变化时可能成为问题。在疫情期间,松散型文化在应对客观威胁方面适应性较差。在没有实际威胁但人们夸大威胁的情况下,也会出现文化进化错配,例如一些民粹主义领导人利用威胁言论。 在商业领域,文化差异会影响并购和国际合作的成功率。了解文化差异,并进行有效的跨文化沟通和谈判,对于商业成功至关重要。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter defines culture as a set of norms, values, and beliefs that influence our behavior. It highlights that culture is often invisible until we encounter different cultures, leading to culture shock. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural differences.
  • Culture is an invisible force shaping our behavior.
  • Culture shock arises from encountering different cultural norms.
  • Understanding cultural differences is crucial for navigating the world.

Shownotes Transcript

We've been thinking a lot about culture recently, and reflecting on how–whether or not we’re aware of it–culture is a force that’s always exerting influence on us. It’s typically only when we get outside of our daily routine, our city or even our country, and are confronted with new ways of doing things that we can clearly see the values, norms, and practices that make up the culture we live in. Today, we’re re-running a thought-provoking conversation we had with Michele Gelfand) about notions of what she calls “tight” and “loose” cultures. It’s a conversation that helps illuminate some of the invisible forces of culture, and also sheds light on how understanding these forces helps us better navigate the world. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy. 

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Chapters:

(00:00:00) Introduction

Russ Altman introduces Michele Gelfand, a professor of psychology and business studies at Stanford University.

(00:02:22) What is Culture?

Defining culture as a set of norms, values, and beliefs.

(00:03:36) The Tight-Loose Continuum

Tight versus loose cultures and their enforcement of social norms.

(00:06:20) Individual vs Societal Tight-Loose

The differences in tight-loose orientation across individuals and nations.

(00:08:25) Tight-Loose Across Societal Levels

How history, ecology, and mobility shape cultural tightness or looseness.

(00:11:25) Cultural Intelligence (CQ)

The role of cultural intelligence in negotiations and leadership.

(00:16:21) Tight-Loose in Personal & Professional Life

Negotiating cultural differences in relationships and organizations.

(00:19:53) Cultural Evolutionary Mismatch

Cultural responses to crises and the influence of perceived vs. real threats.

(00:23:45) Tight-Loose Differences in Business

Cultural differences in mergers, acquisitions, and financial performance.

(00:25:58) Improving Cultural Intelligence

Whether individuals can improve their CQ through practice and exposure.

(00:28:37) Tight-Loose in Politics

The growing tight-loose divide in political and social issues.

(00:31:09) Conclusion

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