cover of episode The future of pediatric development and disability

The future of pediatric development and disability

2025/4/18
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The Future of Everything

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Heidi Feldman
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Russ Altman
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Russ Altman: 我主持了本期节目,讨论了儿童发育障碍的诊断和治疗正在发生革命性变化,人际接触、家庭支持和社区支持至关重要。我们还探讨了如何通过家庭和社区支持来帮助有残疾的儿童,以及当我们照顾好这些病人时,对每个人都有好处。 Heidi Feldman: 我最初想从事教育行业,但后来转向心理学和医学,最终专注于儿童发育行为儿科学。我见证了儿童残疾护理模式的巨大转变,从机构化走向家庭和社区融合式护理。目前最常见的儿童发育障碍包括学习障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、自闭症、智力障碍以及轻度精神健康问题。自闭症发病率上升可能是由于诊断标准的改变和一些未知因素的共同作用。早产是导致多种儿童发育障碍的重要风险因素,早产儿面临多种发育挑战,包括脑瘫、智力障碍、语言障碍和精神健康问题。我的研究关注大脑白质连接如何受到环境影响,以及这与儿童发育结果的关系。袋鼠式护理(皮肤接触)可以积极影响早产儿的脑发育,除了保持婴儿体温外,还有助于婴儿安抚、自主神经系统调节、生长发育以及神经发育。融合教育对残疾儿童和普通儿童都有益处,融合式护理模式可以降低残疾儿童的护理成本,并提高其独立生活能力。残疾儿童的护理需要在儿童期和成年期之间进行有效的过渡,目前这方面还存在不足。人工智能可以帮助评估残疾儿童的护理质量,确保遵循实践指南。目前人工智能技术在辅助评估护理质量方面发挥着积极作用,但仍需不断改进和完善。 Heidi Feldman: 我在医学领域的工作始于发育行为儿科学这一新兴领域,它标志着对残疾儿童的理解和治疗方法的转变。几十年来,我们从机构化护理转向了更注重家庭和社区融合的模式。这不仅改善了残疾儿童的生活质量,也降低了护理成本,并提高了他们的独立生活能力。我的研究重点是早产儿,他们面临着多种发育挑战,包括自闭症、注意力缺陷多动障碍等。我们发现,袋鼠式护理等方法可以积极影响他们的脑发育。此外,我们还利用人工智能技术来改善护理质量,通过分析电子病历中的自由文本,确保医生遵循实践指南,从而为残疾儿童及其家庭提供更优质的护理。

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Physician and psychologist Heidi Feldman) is a pioneer in the field of developmental behavioral pediatrics who says that the world’s understanding of childhood disability is changing and so too are the ways we approach it. Where once institutionalization was common, today we find integrative, family-centered approaches, charting a more humane, hopeful path forward. For example, for children born prematurely with increased likelihood of disability, increasing skin-to-skin contact – what is called  “kangaroo care” – can literally reshape that child’s brain development, she tells host Russ Altman) on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.

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Chapters:

(00:00:00) Introduction

Russ Altman introduces guest  Heidi Feldman, professor of pediatrics at Stanford University.

(00:03:26) Path to Developmental Pediatrics

Heidi’s journey from education to developmental-behavioral pediatrics.

(00:05:10) The Emergence of Developmental Pediatrics

How developmental disabilities entered the medical mainstream.

(00:07:30) Common Disorders in Children

The most prevalent disabilities seen in practice and diagnostic trends.

(00:09:46) Preterm Birth and Disability Risk

Why premature birth is a major risk factor for developmental challenges.

(00:13:53) Brain Connections and Outcomes

How white matter and brain circuitry impact development.

(00:17:09) Kangaroo Care’s Potential

How skin-to-skin contact positively influences brain development.

(00:21:30) Inclusive Family and Community Support

Why integrated care and inclusive classrooms benefit all children.

(00:23:37) Social and Economic Upsides

Cost savings and increased independence from inclusive care.

(00:24:33) Transitioning to Adult Care

Gaps and opportunities in supporting disabled youth into adulthood.

(00:27:12) Using AI to Improve Care Quality

AI models help track whether care guidelines are being followed.

(00:31:00) Conclusion

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