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cover of episode Proto: How One Ancient Language Went Global, with Laura Spinney

Proto: How One Ancient Language Went Global, with Laura Spinney

2025/4/21
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Caroline Dodds-Pennec
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Laura Spinney
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Laura Spinney: 我研究原始印欧语系,因为它对理解人类历史、文化和语言的演变至关重要。通过跨学科研究,结合语言学、考古学和遗传学证据,我们可以重建这种已消亡数千年的语言,并追踪其传播路径。草原假说认为,原始印欧语系起源于黑海草原地区,其使用者是游牧民族,他们通过迁移将语言传播到欧亚大陆各地。古代DNA研究为这一假说提供了强有力的支持。印欧语系的传播是一个复杂的过程,既有暴力因素,也有社会因素,例如,游牧民族的社会习俗和人口迁移等。轮式交通工具的发明极大地促进了人口流动和语言传播。 印欧语系中存在许多令人惊讶的语言联系,例如不同文化中对同一位神祇的称呼,这表明这些文化之间存在着深厚的历史渊源。语言本身就具有政治性,其研究和解释也常常被政治化,我们需要保持科学客观的态度。尽管印欧语系在全球化的背景下继续发展和演变,但其未来的发展趋势尚不明确。气候变化和人口迁移将对未来语言发展产生重大影响,这是一个值得关注的问题。语言的消亡和新生是常态,多语言现象在历史上是常态,而单一官方语言的概念是相对较新的。 Caroline Dodds-Pennec: 我对印欧语系成功的原因以及其发展历程感到好奇。研究印欧语系需要跨学科合作,结合语言学、考古学和遗传学的研究成果。重建已消亡数千年的原始印欧语系是一项极具挑战性的工作,需要多种方法共同努力。我想了解原始印欧语系是什么,以及语言学家如何对其进行研究。关于印欧语系起源,存在草原假说和安纳托利亚假说两种主要理论。古代DNA研究结果有力地支持了草原假说。在史前时期,人口迁移是语言变化的主要驱动力。考古学、遗传学和语言学研究结果表明,印欧语系与特定的社会结构(如父系社会)有关。印欧语系的传播是一个复杂的过程,既有暴力因素,也有社会因素。交通工具的发明对人口迁移和语言传播具有重要影响。原始印欧语系将不同的文化联系在一起,例如但丁的《地狱》和《梨俱吠陀》。印欧语系在全球化的背景下继续发展和演变,但其未来的发展趋势尚不明确。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the vast reach of Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the ancestor of nearly half the world's languages. It delves into the reasons behind its success and the challenges in studying a prehistoric language with no written records, highlighting the significance of paleogenetics in rewriting the story.
  • Indo-European languages are spoken by almost half of humanity.
  • The story of Indo-European languages has been revolutionized by ancient DNA genetics.
  • The study of PIE relies on reconstructing the language from its living descendants and piecing together clues from various disciplines.
  • Most of the PIE story predates written records, making other sciences crucial for understanding its history.

Shownotes Transcript

What if a single ancient language lay at the root of nearly half of the world’s spoken tongues?

In today’s episode, acclaimed science writer and journalist Laura Spinney joins us to discuss her new book Proto: How One Ancient Language Went Global. In Proto, Spinney takes us deep into the mystery of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) - a prehistoric language that no one alive has heard, yet whose echoes can still be found in words spoken from Ireland to India.

From the English word star, to Icelandic stjarna, to the Iranic *stare *- Spinney reveals how echoes of a prehistoric language still ripple across continents and centuries. Along the way, she meets the archaeologists, linguists, and geneticists working to uncover the origins of this linguistic Big Bang - and what it tells us about human history, identity, and movement.

Joining Spinney in discussion is global historian Caroline Dodds Pennock, to retrace the paths of nomads, monks, warriors, and kings across the Eurasian steppe, the Caucasus, the Silk Roads, and beyond. 

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