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cover of episode The Tree of Life: Mapping Evolution’s Greatest Story, with Max Telford

The Tree of Life: Mapping Evolution’s Greatest Story, with Max Telford

2025/4/24
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Max Telford: 我认为生命始于一个单一物种,经过数十亿年的时间,通过物种分化和进化,形成了如今我们所见到的生物多样性。这个过程可以用生命之树来描述,它展现了物种之间的进化关系。达尔文在19世纪就提出了这一理论,而我们现在则利用DNA等技术更精确地构建生命之树。构建生命之树的过程中,我们可能会犯一些错误,例如,仅仅依靠物种的外部形态进行分类,就可能会导致错误的结论。海鞘就是一个很好的例子,它的幼虫期形态与成年期形态差异很大,这说明仅仅依靠成年期的形态特征进行分类可能会出错。 在构建生命之树的过程中,我们需要寻找独特的、只存在于特定物种分支的特征,这些特征可以是形态特征、胚胎发育特征,也可以是DNA序列特征。通过比较这些特征,我们可以确定物种之间的进化关系。 此外,我们还需要认识到,生命之树不仅包括现存的物种,也包括已经灭绝的物种。对于已经灭绝的物种,我们只能依靠化石等证据来推断它们的特征和进化关系。 对Xenoturbella的研究就是一个很好的例子,它最初被认为是一种简单的蠕虫,与扁形动物关系密切。但是,后来的DNA分析表明,它与软体动物的关系更密切。这说明,在进行物种分类时,我们需要谨慎,实验结果的可重复性非常重要。 总的来说,生命之树是理解我们自身历史和与其他生物关系的重要工具。通过研究生命之树,我们可以更好地了解生命进化的历程,以及我们人类在生命长河中所处的位置。 Ganesh Taylor: 作为一名科学传播者,我关注的是如何向大众解释生命之树的概念以及其构建过程中的挑战。Max Telford教授在书中深入浅出地讲解了生命之树的构建方法,以及在构建过程中可能遇到的问题,例如,人类对物种分类的偏见,以及实验结果的可重复性等。 此外,我还关注的是,气候变化对地球上的生物多样性造成了严重威胁,而人类只是生命长河中短暂的一环。我们应该更加谦逊地对待自然,保护生物多样性,为子孙后代留下一个美好的地球。

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This chapter explores the concept of evolutionary trees, tracing their origins from Darwin's work and the inherent human tendency to categorize and understand relationships. It delves into the historical context, contrasting early classification systems based on morphology with the modern approach that incorporates genetic information.
  • Early classification systems focused on morphology.
  • Evolutionary trees represent relationships between species over time.
  • Human's inherent tendency to categorize plays a role in building evolutionary trees.

Shownotes Transcript

Understanding how the diversity of life on earth came to be is one of the greatest puzzles in biology. In his new book, *The Tree of Life: Solving Science's Greatest Puzzle, *Professor Max Telford charts a four-billion-year journey through the evolution of our planet, from humans, fish and butterflies to oak trees, mushrooms and bacteria.

On today’s episode, Professor Telford sheds light on an epic history of the family tree that records the relationships between every living thing - from Darwin’s early sketches to the vast computer generated diagrams scientists are building today, this is an epic history of the gigantic 

Professor Max Telford is an evolutionary biologist and the Jodrell Chair of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy at University College London, where he founded the Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution and the Telford Lab. 

Joining Telford to discuss the book is Güneş Taylor, Fellow at the Centre for Reproductive Health and science communicator.

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