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cover of episode What Went Wrong with Liberalism and How We Can Save it, with Samuel Moyn

What Went Wrong with Liberalism and How We Can Save it, with Samuel Moyn

2025/1/24
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Intelligence Squared

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Samuel Moyn: 我认为冷战时期的自由主义背离了其最初的激进和解放的承诺,这为新自由主义的兴起和如今自由主义的困境埋下了伏笔。在冷战时期,自由主义者为了对抗共产主义的威胁,将自由主义简化为对国家权力限制的强调,忽视了社会公平、福利国家和教育等重要方面。这导致了自由主义的空洞化,无法应对当代的挑战。我们需要重新审视自由主义的历史,汲取其积极的方面,纠正其错误,使其能够在当今世界发挥作用。 我书中探讨的另一个重要议题是自由主义与民主的关系。最初的自由主义者并不完全支持民主,因为他们认为只有受过良好教育的人才能胜任治理。然而,我们应该关注自由主义的道德核心,即普通民众至少在某种程度上值得信赖,可以自我治理。特朗普的当选以及此后一些人对民主的质疑,都凸显了这一问题。我们需要重新强调普通民众的参与和自我治理的重要性。 此外,我还探讨了冷战时期自由主义者对消极自由的强调,以及这如何为新自由主义的兴起创造了空间。伊赛亚·伯林等人的著作强调了免受国家干预的自由,而忽视了积极自由,即获得发展和实现自身潜力的自由。这导致了新自由主义的兴起,以及由此带来的经济不平等和社会问题。我们需要重新平衡消极自由和积极自由,关注如何通过国家干预来促进社会公平与个人发展。 最后,我还探讨了自由主义的批评者,他们认为自由主义未能提供人生意义和社会契约的更广泛目的。我们需要重新强调自由主义的解放使命,关注如何通过教育和社会改革来促进个人创造力和精神发展。 Adam McCauley: (This section would contain Adam McCauley's arguments, mirroring the structure and length of Moyn's arguments above. Since the transcript does not provide a structured breakdown of McCauley's arguments, this section cannot be completed.)

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The book explores the crisis facing liberalism, particularly in the wake of Donald Trump's election. It examines how Cold War liberalism, with its emphasis on limiting state power, contributed to the current state of affairs. The author seeks to find a way to restore liberalism's original radical promise.
  • The election of Donald Trump blindsided liberals.
  • The book is a response to the post-Trump debate on liberalism.
  • Cold War liberalism is partly responsible for the current problems facing liberalism.

Shownotes Transcript

In this episode Samuel Moyn, Chancellor Kent Professor of Law and History at Yale University, explores what he sees as the profound crisis facing liberalism and why many in the West have become disillusioned with it. Drawing from his latest book 'Liberalism against Itself: Cold War Intellectuals and the Making of Our Times', Moyn traces the roots of this crisis to the Cold War. The liberalism of the Cold War, he argues, betrayed the radical and emancipatory hopes of the Enlightenment and paved the way to the excesses of neoliberalism. In conversation with researcher and writer Adam McCauley, Moyn outlines what it would take to restore liberalism's original radical promise. 


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