This chapter explores the evolution of the talent recommendation system in ancient China, starting from the imperial examination system of the Han Dynasty to the Nine-Rank system of the Cao Wei Dynasty. It discusses the challenges of identifying true talent amidst corruption and the shift in focus from outward conformity to inner character.
Han Wu Di's imperial examination system
Ineffectiveness of the chaju system in the late Eastern Han Dynasty
Cao Cao's focus on practical ability over adherence to Confucian norms
Cao Pi's implementation of the Nine-Rank system
Liu Shao's emphasis on inner character in his work, The Treatise on Men
The importance of identifying and utilizing talent of varying levels