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HoP 472 Less Cheer, More Knowledge: Descartes’ Ethics
2025/6/22
History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps
P
Peter Adamson
Peter Adamson: 笛卡尔在伦理学上的贡献相对较少，这与他在物理学、形而上学等领域的突出成就形成对比。他自己也承认，由于伦理学可能引发的争议，他有意避开了这个领域。然而，笛卡尔也暗示，他的哲学可以支持一种健全的伦理学理论，他将哲学比作一棵树，道德是树的最终分支，建立在形而上学和物理学的基础之上。尽管如此，笛卡尔并没有完成一部完整的伦理学著作，最接近的是他的情感研究。总的来说，笛卡尔的伦理思想是保守的，他倾向于遵循社会规范和宗教信仰，但他同时也强调理性判断和意志的重要性。我个人认为，理解笛卡尔的伦理学需要将其置于他整个哲学体系中，认识到伦理学是他追求知识和真理的最终目标。
Deep Dive
This chapter explores Descartes's "provisional morality," a set of temporary moral guidelines he adopted while developing a more comprehensive ethical system. It examines the three maxims of this morality: following the laws and customs of his community, following his best moral judgment, and mastering himself rather than fortune. The chapter also discusses the influences of Stoicism and Epicureanism on Descartes's ethical thought.
- Descartes's provisional morality consisted of three maxims.
- The first maxim involved following the laws and customs of his community.
- The second maxim emphasized following one's best moral judgment.
- The third maxim focused on mastering oneself rather than fortune.
- Descartes's ethics showed influences from Stoicism and Epicureanism.
Shownotes Transcript
Descartes’ “provisional” morality and his views on free will and virtue.