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cover of episode Jaleh Mansoor, "Universal Prostitution and Modernist Abstraction: A Counterhistory" (Duke UP, 2025)

Jaleh Mansoor, "Universal Prostitution and Modernist Abstraction: A Counterhistory" (Duke UP, 2025)

2025/5/22
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Jaleh Mansoor: 我在加拿大温哥华的未割让土地上与你交谈,这片土地属于Tsleil-Waututh、Musqueam和Squamish民族。我今天所说的一切都深受艺术史学家罗莎琳·克劳斯的启发。市场崩盘后,我开始思考艺术史的动机问题,以及人们在什么条件下提出想法。我开始思考市场和金融在艺术史中的作用。这本书的标题可能会引起争议,但我并不想回避它。我借用这个标题是为了改变艺术史中熟悉的启蒙语言,并将其转变为一种唯物主义框架。在这个唯物主义框架中,艺术家为了生存,会如何被他们所处的环境所驱动。“普遍卖淫”这个词来自毕卡比亚的一件艺术作品的标题,也来自马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》。毕卡比亚使用这个词,与马克思的理论框架有关,尽管马克思的著作在他创作之前尚未发表。毕卡比亚的语言实际上来源于一个紧密的马克思主义矩阵,更具体地说,来源于他的朋友路易·阿拉贡。毕卡比亚对马克思主义的“无意识重复”促使我从两个不同的角度进行解读。马克思在1844年使用“普遍卖淫”这个词时,就已经很奇怪了。我试图将艺术史建立在更唯物主义的基础上,因为我开始注意到20年教学中的一些模式。马克思对“普遍卖淫”的使用是一种创造性的异化,他用与特定性别相关的语言来理论化工人。马克思用“普遍卖淫”来思考历史上新出现的工人形象,并区分于蒲鲁东和其他左翼理论家。马克思试图描述和解释为什么新的工人和他们的工作与过去不同,为什么资本主义模式下的市场与过去不同。马克思选择“普遍卖淫”这个词是为了强调,在资本主义模式下,市场上的主要对象是劳动力本身。劳动力由有知觉的人携带,这使得“普遍卖淫”的概念成为一种临时的补救措施,标志着劳动者和劳动能力之间的分离。这种能力是非人格化的,与传统的社会归属无关,最终会固化为异化。“普遍卖淫”可以用来谈论代谢时间、肉体工作,以及人们没有智力或情感投入的工作。马克思通过“普遍卖淫”来消除资产阶级对人类行为和个体的假设。“普遍卖淫”这个标题成为思考艺术作品的逻辑,这些作品反复强调劳动、性别劳动和具身劳动。T.J.克拉克认为马奈的《奥林匹亚》是现代主义的基础纪念碑,因为它既提供了丑闻,又揭示了隐藏的社会现实。当艺术家们真正努力解决劳动的奇怪之处时,形式上往往会出现有趣的变化。达达主义艺术家使用机器来谈论各种形式的劳动,当代艺术也在试图理解经济危机。我想写一些东西来连接这些点,表明劳动是现代性的形式,它会不断促使艺术家们创造新的形式。

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Join me for conversation with Dr. Jaleh Mansoor) (Associate Professor of Art History in the Department of Art History, Visual Art, and Theory, University of British Columbia) about her book Universal Prostitution and Modernist Abstraction: A Counterhistory) (Duke University Press, 2025). Our discussion brought us to topics like the artists’ muse, the modern laborer, and other figures precariously suspended between the object/subject dialectic.

In Universal Prostitution and Modernist Abstraction, Dr. Mansoor provides a counternarrative of modernism and abstraction and a reexamination of Marxist aesthetics. Mansoor draws on Marx’s concept of prostitution—a conceptual device through which Marx allegorized modern labor—to think about the confluences of generalized and gendered labor in modern art. Analyzing works ranging from Édouard Manet’s Olympia and Georges Seurat’s The Models to contemporary work by Hito Steyerl and Hannah Black, she shows how avant-garde artists can detect changing modes of production and capitalist and biopolitical processes of abstraction that assign identities to subjects in the interest of value’s impersonal circulation. She demonstrates that art and abstraction resist modes of production and subjugation at the level of process and form rather than through referential representation. By studying gendered and generalized labor, abstraction, automation, and the worker, Mansoor shifts focus away from ideology, superstructure, and culture toward the ways art indexes crisis and transformation in the political economic base. Ultimately, she traces the outlines of a counterpraxis to capital while demonstrating how artworks give us a way to see through the abstractions of everyday life.

This episode was hosted by Asia Adomanis), a PhD student in the Department of History of Art at Ohio State.

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