cover of episode Melissa Lane on Plato, Rule, and Office

Melissa Lane on Plato, Rule, and Office

2025/6/13
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Melissa Lane: 我认为对柏拉图的解读过于粗糙,他实际上主张对统治者进行严格的限制。《理想国》实际上建立了一个结构化的政治宪政秩序,其核心在于如何控制统治者和官员,确保他们为公共利益服务,而不是为了自身利益而腐败和剥削他人。“守护者”一词在希腊语中具有宪政含义,指的是负责监督宪政秩序的人。柏拉图在《理想国》中反思了现有的权力限制在多大程度上能使统治者为被统治者的利益着想,以及是否有更好的方法。我们不能仅仅相信人们会是好人,必须对他们施加限制,以防止他们通过积累财产或使自己的亲属受益而变得腐败。柏拉图在《理想国》中试图阻止政治家变得腐败,并认为即使是理想的政治宪政秩序最终也会开始衰落。权力存在被滥用的危险,政治秩序试图找到解决这个问题的方法。柏拉图在其他著作中尝试了其他类型的政治制度,因为他认识到任何制度都有其弱点。柏拉图在《理想国》中提到了问责制,即要求官员承担责任,以及轮换和任期限制。我认为,问责制的核心是能够解释和论证,而这正是《理想国》中哲学家所受的训练。如何限制和约束政治权力,以及它是用于造福人民还是剥削人民,这些问题是柏拉图提出的,也是我们今天面临的问题。

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This chapter challenges the conventional wisdom that Plato advocated for absolutist rule in his Republic. It argues that the Republic actually proposes a structured constitutional order focused on controlling rulers and ensuring they serve the public good. The title of the dialogue itself, Politeia, translates to constitution, highlighting the focus on structured political positions.
  • Plato's Republic is often misinterpreted as advocating untrammeled absolutist rule.
  • The chapter argues that the Republic is concerned with controlling rulers and ensuring they serve the public good.
  • The Greek title of the dialogue, Politeia, translates to constitution.

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