Learning English Podcast - December 08, 2024
VOA Learning English Podcast - VOA Learning English
Deep Dive
Why did the researchers conclude that Venus likely never had liquid water?
The study found no evidence of water in Venus's interior or atmosphere, with volcanic gases releasing less than 6% water vapor, suggesting a very dry planet.
What is the significance of the findings regarding Venus's water history?
The findings suggest Venus was likely never habitable or able to support life, as water is crucial for life as we know it.
How did the researchers measure the water content in Venus's atmosphere?
They measured the destruction rate of molecules in water, carbon dioxide, and carbonyl sulfide, linking the atmosphere's state to volcanic activity.
What are the two leading theories on Venus's water history?
One theory suggests Venus had a moderate climate with liquid water, which later disappeared due to volcanic activity. The other theory proposes Venus was always too hot for liquid water.
What does the idiom 'keep your cards close to your chest' mean?
It means to keep your plans, intentions, or methods secret to ensure their success.
What does 'play with the cards you are dealt' imply in life?
It means dealing with situations beyond your control, similar to playing a game with the cards you receive.
What is the proposed plan to protect Joshua trees in California?
The plan includes restricting land use, identifying critical conservation areas, and reducing wildfire risks, aiming to protect the trees from climate change and human activities.
What are the main threats to Joshua trees according to environmentalists?
The threats include wildfires, human development, and climate change.
What is the timeline for implementing the Joshua tree protection plan?
The plan aims to identify critical lands by December 2025 and place permanent restrictions on 70% of them by 2033.
How does the reported speech structure work in English?
It involves changing verb tenses, adding reporting verbs like 'said' or 'told', and optionally using conjunctions like 'that' to convey what someone said indirectly.
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