AI-Powered Architecture: Redefining the Future of Design and Sustainability
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Welcome to today's episode of Lexicon. I'm Christopher McFadden, Contributing Writer for Interesting Engineering. Today we sit down with Sina Flynn, PE, a highly experienced structural engineer and project manager and little diversified architectural consulting to uncover how AI is revolutionizing structural design. From automating workflows to enhancing collaboration, Sina shares how AI drives innovation, efficiency and sustainability in architecture and engineering.

So join us as we explore the future of construction, where AI empowers engineers to optimize materials, reduce carbon emissions, and create safer, greener buildings. Before getting into today's episode, here's something to elevate your 2025. Level up your knowledge with IE+. Subscribe today to access exclusive premium articles enriched with expert insights and

and enjoy members-only technical newsletters designed to keep you ahead in technology and science. Subscribe now. Sina, thanks for joining us. How are you today? I'm good, Chris. How are you doing? Very well, thank you. For our audience's benefit, can you tell us a little bit about yourself, please?

Yes, of course. Well, I am a structural engineer by practice. I've been in the field for almost seven years now. I'm a senior structural engineer. And in the past few years, I've been managing projects that are mainly commercial architectural projects focused on the structural design of things.

And I also have some background in AI because I've been championing bringing AI solutions into our company and really trying to advance our company to the future using AI design software. Excellent. On that topic then, how do you see AI transforming the field of structural analysis in architecture and engineering over the next decade?

Yeah, there's going to be a lot of changes for sure. And it really does depend on what the technology companies can offer. But I can already see them kind of propelling this into the future because it is something that's going to be used widely amongst everyone to really increase efficiencies within the design itself.

So currently, the way we design and have a structural software and architectural software, everything that's really included, is that there's a lot of manual inputs that goes into things. So even though we do have softwares that do a lot of the manual calculations for us, so we don't actually have to sit in front of a calculator anymore.

We still have to input information, lengths, sizes, dimensions, the type of building, where it's located, the loads that are going to be associated to it. This is all manually inputted. Versus if we have AI into these softwares automatically being able to interpret the location of the project, being able to interpret what type of project the client needs and really integrating

Bring in all that manual work all together into the piece, into the software. We'll be able to eliminate all of this and have a lot of efficiencies and synchronization between architects and other mechanical electrical engineers. Okay. Is that similar to, I forget the term, is it building engineering?

information system or something? Yeah, them building information modeling. Yes. So that's mainly what I'm talking about. I am also talking about structural design software, which is after you've done your building information modeling, which is a main source for architects, because that's how they kind of see what the building is going to come alive and what it's going to look like. They also use it to communicate with clients.

But once we are done with our building information modeling, which is the BIM, we move on to actual structural design, which is we put the BIM information into the software to see what sizes we're going to need, to see what the design actually has to be in terms of the bones of the building. Right. And that's a bit like a layer in GIS I used to do in geology, geographic information. GIS, yes. Well, GIS is more of like geotechnical landscape engineering. That's what they use. Right.

This is more of finite element analysis. Have you ever heard of that? Whoa, okay, I have to explain. Yeah, it's mainly what structural engineers use when it comes to steel building design. Okay, very cool. So again, building on that, so what are some of the most innovative ways AI uses structural analysis and design? And if it weighs to use AI, pardon me, in the process?

Yes, I think the best way to use AI right now is kind of a combination because it's not interpreted, inputted into the software itself yet. So it's kind of a separate entity still. And the way it works is you can have a joint relationship, open your software and have your AI open as well and kind of input questions and things of synergies that you can create. Once AI is really incorporated into the software, it's going to be able to provide suggestions.

which is going to be the most innovative and best way to really use AI when it comes to these sort of design criterias. There's a lot of, to this day, I mean, there's a lot of human error that goes into the design. So in order to really eliminate the human error and really create those points where we're going to be able to have a lot more design

not just efficiencies, but also like to be able to create something new that comes from collaboration. We need to be able to have some sort of a software that AI is going to take place here that's going to combine all the knowledge of an MEP, mechanical, electrical, structural, and architects and bring in suggestions without having that additional need to communicate with other people. Because it does take a lot throughout coordination meetings to be able to come up with solutions.

So if AI can really take that spot of, hey, these are the suggestions that you can really use without even communicating with anyone else. And it's our responsibility to make sure to back check these suggestions. Okay. Presumably improve safety, structural integrity of the building. It will improve everything, 100%. And the integrity, the safety of human life, which is the number one thing that we really look at,

But aside from that, to be completely transparent about that, safety is number one. So I've never really had a concern about safety with AI or without AI. Safety is never really the major concern because that is still a number one priority for us, regardless of if we have AI incorporated. But I think the major thing in my head when it comes to incorporating AI is the sustainability effects that we're going to have.

It's the way that we're going to be able to reduce the amount of materials that we use or change the materials that we use that are going to be better for environment and better for overall humanity, right? So do you find then with structural engineering, there's a tendency to over-engineer because you're erring on the side of safety? So AI will be able to let you trim the fat off, so to speak, and still be building, if I'm understanding correctly. Yes.

Yeah, you actually touched upon a good point right there because 100%, because a lot of the structural engineers, a lot of architects, we are so time constrained and our number one priority is still safety. We prefer to be conservative, very conservative when it comes to the design that we do, which consequently results in not being very efficient with the materials that we use.

right so and that kind of strays us away from where we're supposed to be going when it comes to sustainable design and um an ai's role right here is going to be able to have safety and sustainable design combined into one package for us to be able to use okay um how are you finding it so far existing ai systems are they um presumably it's got to be

double-checked by human engineers? Oh, 100%. Yes, yes, definitely, 100%. I don't think in any sort of way we can rely on AI doing everything on its own right now. It really needs us to be able to input questions and basically guide AI into whatever answer we want to get. AI is not really able to understand what we're looking for with just maybe a single question or two. You really still need to guide it to the answer you want to get.

But I think it's very useful as long as you know how to guide it. So I know a lot of people in their mind are thinking, oh, AI is going to take our jobs or it's going to take it really is not in that capacity at all. Just because AI needs human control. It needs someone to be able to control it to be able to say, hey, this is what I need. This is what I need you to output for me.

And that's why we're always really going to need our structural engineers. We're always really going to need our architects to be able to design or guide the AI to do the design. Absolutely, yeah. Otherwise, well, with AI, it would do nothing if you didn't prompt it to do anything. Right, exactly. It doesn't have its own intelligence, basically. I mean, I think artificial intelligence is kind of not a really good name for it, even. Yeah.

Yeah. Right. Yeah. Yeah. Intelligent health. Intelligent health. Right. Yeah. I think it does need a better name. But overall, it's just it needs human control right now. So it's not taking over anything. It is just helping us. I think it's helping us a lot in terms of saving time, in terms of being able to see things that we wouldn't be able to see on our own.

um just because we're sometimes we're just one person you know interaction is the key when it comes to being able to design innovative things um being able to come up with innovation right so i think it's just a great tool to have to even brainstorm sometimes right absolutely yeah so presumably um with regards to structural engineering um

an architect could give you a building design that they've conceived and you can use you could use the ai to give you a a draft um structural plan of the building to have to make it work is that how it would work and then obviously you'd go in and tinker with it and say that's not going to work or

Yeah, yeah. So you're basically asking about how the interaction goes between architects and engineers. And it's very similar to exactly what you're saying. The way the company that I work for is actually a little different than traditional companies.

ways that building design goes. And traditionally, architects are kind of a separate entity, engineers are separate entity, different firms, and architects will create a design, collaborating with the clients trying to satisfy their needs and being able to achieve

you know, the client's purpose. And once that's done with their best knowledge of how the building is going to be designed in the background, and once that's done, they will deliver that package over to the engineers and say, hey, can we put some bones into this? Can we get mechanical equipment in there, electrical equipment in there? And they'll go back and forth a little bit in order to really get

the final results of the building versus the way little works is we're all in house. So we're all one company.

And because of that, we're really early on getting into coordination and collaboration, which is even talking to the clients. We'll have engineers in the room trying to answer any sort of questions they might have and even coming up with something creative. And that goes to the whole innovation side of things. I really love Lidl in terms of that aspect because they know more knowledge, diversified knowledge, let's say. Diversified knowledge will create

better solutions. So we basically start off with engineers, architects, everyone in the room kind of brainstorming of what we can do. And then we

architects will start off the package using building information modeling. They'll model things, talking to architects. I talk into the engineers as well saying, Hey, can we do this? Well, what if we do that? If we do this kind of just kind of going back and forth collaborating. And at the same time, engineers will have their building information modeling actively being put into the architects model. So everyone is modeling simultaneously at the same time.

And once they've kind of have a model that they're comfortable with, then the engineers can start their analyses.

So that's kind of how the collaboration goes among us. We talk, we try to talk as much as possible and come up with something that's not always traditional. That's going to make the most sense for the client, but also we have a lot of sustainable initiatives. So we're trying to achieve our sustainable initiatives, right? So there's a lot that goes into that, a lot of coordination and talk. And I think it's,

That is the reason why exactly AI is just so key in this process, because there's so much collaboration that goes on. And if we can assist with that collaboration, even if it means there are a lot of instances, for example,

When I'm talking to mechanical electrical engineers, there are some terms that I wouldn't understand because if it's just strictly a mechanical and an electrical term, AI could really help me in understanding what that means. When you don't really understand the terms or if you're kind of lost in some of the jargon,

it's harder to collaborate and come up with something innovative, right? So if AI can be the tool in between that's really telling me, hey, this is what they're coming from, this is what they're saying, and these are possible solutions that you can speak to them with, then I can use that and go back and have a different conversation, for example. Yeah, so anti-jargon, well, jargon buster, basically. Yeah, jargon buster, you know, idea creator, just kind of somewhere to start off with.

Cool. I mean, it's a bit off topic, but it sounds like AI like this could kind of reverse the trend I've noticed where you'll have large consultancies will buy out smaller companies to add that service in. But this could do it and kind of reverse it, couldn't it? So it could help democratize, for want of a better term, smaller companies to be able to compete with the big boys, for want of a better term.

on their own terms or am i completely no no no i really love that idea um i think the thing that comes to mind when you say that is the the qa portion of it the quality assurance portion of it because we can't really 100 rely on ai right now to give us the ideas right we still need

someone to double check what AI says. So I wouldn't 100% say that it would kind of buy them out because they would still need that resource. But I think it definitely would assist in helping them move a step further, because it is still information they they're able to see it's information they're able to use.

in terms of their personal design, but I don't think it's enough information to be able to publish without someone else backtracking what AI says. Regardless of what AI is used for, I think 100% it needs to be backtracked. Of course. Yeah. Especially when it comes to human life safety, which is what we're concerned with daily. Yeah.

As long as there's someone there to be able to see and say, all right, what AI is saying is correct, we can move forward with this, then 100%. I think that's completely okay. That's fantastic. It kind of brings me on to the next question here. Again, I think you pretty answered it, to be honest. But what are the biggest challenges facing the adoption of AI in architectural consulting and structural analysis? The biggest challenge is...

Let me think about that because there's a lot of challenges. I think one of the biggest challenges, I would say, is people getting used to using it. Honestly, I think...

There's a lot of people who are hesitant to change, which I 100% understand. I totally get that. And that's why I think it would be a little more difficult for people who have been in the field for a very long time, are used to doing it a certain way.

to integrate AI and effectively use AI. Right now, the way AI is incorporated into our design is we have to manually, we have to open it and actually use it. It's not coming in during design and saying, hey, you should, which I think is going to be the future, by the way, but right now it's not doing that, right? It's not coming into the design and saying, suggesting,

It's not saying, oh, maybe you should do this or automatically updating things for us. It's not really seamless integration just yet. And because of that, I think right now the biggest challenge is having engineers and architects actually manually open AI and ask it prompted questions and allow it to help them move forward. Help AI to help them, essentially, to really start improving their design. Yeah.

Fair enough. Because presumably a lot of the older engineers will have had to transition from paper to CAD kind of systems, right? Oh, yeah. Yeah. We actually have an engineer. I love him. He's amazing. Super knowledgeable. He has been working for a very long time and he used to. He tells us stories about, you know, the days he used to draw on the computer.

on the paper like the drawings used to be actual manually drawn um so yeah there's a lot of people who are kind of even coming from that background so transitioning from merely drawing to a paper to all the way up to here where i'm just gonna have the the software things that are not tangible tell me what to do it's kind of a big transition for them yeah that's a fair point yeah you got me like do you remember clippy from windows clippy for windows no i

It's a little paper clip and he's like a virtual assistant, a really early one. So you come in, you're trying to write a letter. Would you like me to drop it? Yeah. Yeah, but are you saying that AI in the future could suggest stuff to you? I just messaged people with a hard hat on or something. Yeah, yeah, it can. So, I mean...

AI that's already incorporated into the softwares does that. It can create suggestions. It'll automatically even update things for you if you wanted to, you know,

If you wanted to do so, like if you ask for the software to be able to do this automatically in the background, it will be able to do it. So it's able to do a lot of the automations and the suggestions and updates automatically for you if you allow it to. It's just the structural engineering software that we're using right now hasn't fully integrated into that yet, but I already see them kind of moving forward. A few companies, especially BIM companies, are

That are really trying to integrate AI into the daily software or our daily use of software. So, but right now, yeah, it's just open it on the side, talk to it, let it give you suggestions and incorporate that knowledge back in. Yeah.

So does it run, well, of course it would. It runs calculations for you, presumably. Things like that help you out or not? So yeah, the calculations part is not very accurate right now, to be honest. So the calculations are fully still dependent on the structural analysis softwares, which I think it will stay that way. AI will just basically be incorporated into that where...

For example, you'll give a few information about the building and it'll automatically say, okay, this building is located in this place. So the wind load is going to be this where it just automatically takes out building code information, for example, without you having to do the additional work to go look at the building code step by step. Or it'll be able to give you automatic suggestions of beam and girder lengths and span lengths.

or the heights of the building and ceiling and where the ceiling is going to... So it'll grab information from the architects and say, the ceiling's located here, so maybe the floor height should be from here to here sort of thing. So it'll start automating those processes where we do all of those manually currently. Yeah, of course. But you say manually, but you're using a special software, calculation software separately, right? Calculation is, yes, not manual most of the times. Sometimes it is.

Yes. Yeah, so it's not a big step to have that incorporated into the AI as well, right? Yeah, it's not. Yeah, okay. Fair enough then. So again, we've kind of touched on this one, but how can AI best complement human expertise without replacing engineers' critical judgment? Yeah, we've been talking, that was kind of the main point I would say about having it fully integrated. Yeah.

And it will never take over. Well, never say never, Ami. Maybe one day, who knows? But right now, at least the capabilities of AI cannot really take over human judgment and human capabilities just because we need to control it. But yeah, in terms of the best way to incorporate, it just needs to seamlessly be incorporated into the software that we use. Right. Well, because it will never make final decisions. It's always going to need a...

Right off the bat. Yes, it will never. Yeah, when it comes to human safety, it should definitely never make final decisions. Yeah, excellent. That's good to hear. So you did mention building regulations and code. So what role will AI play in meeting increasingly stringent building codes and regulations? Yes, so the main role it will play is keeping up. I'll be able to talk in a second. Keep up with the building codes.

So as building codes are changing and updating, it is actual...

manually a lot of time for us to kind of understand what has changed. All right, what do we need to update? These are a lot of things that are time consuming, right? So AI is going to be key there to be, to be able to update itself based on the new, the new information coming from the building codes and telling us exactly what we need to do and where we need to change and even automatically updating and making those changes itself. So,

When it comes to the building codes and regulations, AI is just going to be incredible for us if it's just automatically incorporated and used. Do you foresee a future, in the future, maybe feedback from these kind of AIs to the regulators to help maybe change the building code or simplify it or, I don't know, make suggestions? 100%. 100%. Yeah, I think...

Yes, I think 100% that they're going to be able to give locations of synergies or be able to recommend things that are in the building code based on past data because AI is going to be able to drag all those, AI is going to collect all this past data and give them an informed analysis of what they could move forward with. When it comes to, for example, I'm just going to give an idea of when it comes to wind and seismic loads for structural engineering,

We rely on past data. That's what the, that's what the codes essentially output for us to use is what's happened in the past. So if AI is incorporated and is able to look and kind of give another analysis and suggestions, they could definitely use that. So I would say even when it comes to the building codes and yeah, even when it comes to the building codes, AI is going to be able to great, give great suggestions and improve in every way that we could.

hmm yeah because past data will have incorporated human error wouldn't it um

into designs and things so um yeah you might yeah i'm trying to say i make it more it's make it better and it's for everything for everybody concerned yes hundred percent yeah um it's still it's the same thing as what i was saying essentially for structural engineering where we're creating synergies and efficiencies they can create synergies and inefficiencies there are a lot of there are a lot of things in the building codes that are

repetitive or maybe even challenge each other or there's loops or gaps, you know. So these are the sort of things that AI can help them transform and improve because at the end of the day, there are also people in the background trying to create these codes, right? So someone, an assist that can help them in making sure there's no gaps and making sure they can kind of combine things together, making sure they can create efficiencies is always going to be helpful for them as well. 100%.

So how playful can you be with it? I'm thinking sort of designing buildings for like non-standard locations. I don't know, under the sea, on the moon. I don't know. Well, I 100% understand what you're talking about. You're like, can it be give you things that no one has done before? Basically, that's what you're asking. The answer is no, because AI uses human information. So whatever information you feed is what it uses.

um so i mean it'll probably come up with a creative answer in terms of just like a funny thing basically but it's not going to be a real it's not going to be real or accurate because it only uses information that already exists that makes sense yeah yeah yeah i mean you could presumably have a simulation package that could in theory

taking what is known about physics on earth or on an outer space and use it that way but it's yeah it'll definitely make some guesses yeah but i think that's as far as it'll be it's a it's a guess right so um which is what you would expect from anyone just kind of like it's taking a guess in terms of what it's already been fed yeah it's a fair fair enough fair enough point yeah uh

Okay, so as AI becomes more integral to design and analysis, what ethical considerations should engineers and architects consider? Never fully rely on AI. I mean, I use AI a lot. And I can tell you a lot of the answers that it spits out is not, it's not even logical sometimes. So I think there has to be a lot of human knowledge

Human judgment when it comes to using AI. It's very, very useful. I think if it's used in the right way, it's really going to propel us in terms of especially when it comes to architectural structural design, sustainable design and innovative design, it could really propel us if we use it in the right way. But we just need to make sure we're not just fully relying on it.

Fair enough. I don't think we've touched enough on this, so I'll come back to this question. I thought we hadn't. So we mentioned sustainability improvements with AI, specifically with optimizing material usage. Perhaps we should talk about that a bit more, really, how it can evolve there. Yeah, definitely. We're doing a lot of effort in terms of the company. I myself...

kind of leading the SC 2050 initiative, which is essentially having net zero energy buildings by the year of 2050, but 2050 is really far. So hopefully sooner. Right. And a lot of the companies are really kind of pushing towards this to be able to have sustainable designs when it comes to building, when it comes to building and construction.

So, there's also, aside from AI, there's a lot of research that's going into finding ways to do this. I mean, there are different types. Concrete is one of the biggest carbon emissions in construction. You know, there's a lot of alternatives that are coming out for concrete. And essentially things that are out there that we're not even in our reach or not even in the reach of just a typical person working at an architectural engineering firm, right?

trying to do a design. So if AI is able to tap into these done researches online, people that are actually kind of creating and making ways for innovative design when it comes to lessening the carbon emissions in construction, if AI is able to tap into this and help us and give us suggestions, that's going to 100% improve the design.

And also the biggest thing AI is going to be able to do is create the efficiencies that I was talking about in the beginning of our conversation, because the efficiencies are what's going to lead to the biggest impact of lessening materials. We're just over-designing right now. And if we're able to achieve the safety regulations that we want to have without over-designing because of the time constraints that we're in most of the time,

By the way, it's not always over design, but a lot of the times there's just a lot of push, especially contractors are also under a lot of pressure to get things done. Just the construction industry is in a very, very fast paced industry. So if we're able to use AI to take control of that aspect of see where we can eliminate materials, see where we can make things easier.

less by doing more, right? Higher strength, less material. How can we really achieve that? Give us suggestions. Look through the database of the thing, the database of internet, right? And just kind of figure out what our research is going on. There's a lot of research going on to be able to reduce these carbon emissions. So give us suggestions on those. Do the additional step that we don't have a time to do, essentially. And we will be able to reach those sustainable goals that we want to reach.

I think it's a definite, we definitely have to have that zero energy design. We have to stop emitting carbon into the earth by 2050 is like latest, but even before. So anything, any way we can do that and AI incorporating AI to be able to do that, it's going to be the best thing. Cool.

I mean, there's probably a limit to it, but presumably it could allow you to experiment with, like you say, replacing concrete with other materials like timber or organic materials as an alternative. See what difference it makes. Yeah, you'd actually be surprised that timber is, yes, it is better, but it's not that much better right now because, and I'll give you the reason, really the main reason is because it's transported from certain areas.

So it's better if the building is located in a place where you can really easily get timber. But if it's not, then they need to haul this timber across the country. I guess I'm just really talking about U.S. right now. I think Europe is way, way better in that circumstance. In Europe, I think timber is actually the best way to go about when it comes to reducing emissions.

Um, but especially in the U S is just not the best alternative right now, just because of the production of where the timber is coming, uh, which is mostly Northern America. So like Canada or like Western, I think around California, like those sort of areas, um,

um yeah um so that's why unfortunately timber is not the the best solution when it comes to the areas of mid-us east southern um or south america for all that um and the essentially the alternatives that i was actually talking about are still concrete but they're not actually concrete they're they're just like um

How do I explain this? It still serves the purpose of concrete and it looks like concrete, but the materials actually use less cement, for example, because cement is the worst part about the concrete that creates emissions. So it's using less cement. It's using this different type of chemical that's creating the same bond that you would have for concrete, but it's allowing you to use less cement or no cement at all in some circumstances. So that's what I was referring to as an alternative. It's still concrete.

technically, I guess concrete, but not really. Green concrete, basically. Yeah, green concrete. Yes, yes, yes. Yep. All right. What about Roman concrete?

Woven concrete? Yeah, it's a special formula. I forget the ingredients in it, but Roman concrete is made very differently than we make concrete today. It's very strong. Maybe that could be a resurgence. You said Roman concrete. Okay. Okay, I've never heard of Roman concrete before. It's concrete the Romans used to use, basically. Oh, I see. Here we've got today to make modern concrete. So they're

in a more, must have been more sustainable in inverted commas than modern concrete is. Yeah. My guess is they use a lot of stone, a lot of aggregate. I think so. Yeah. That's, that's my guess. If it's yeah. Roman all the days. So they probably use a lot of rock or aggregate, which is another material and concrete. Yeah. I think there's some volcanic, uh, mineral inclusions in there, uh, that does some weird chemical stuff that makes it really strong and it can set underwater and stuff. It's amazing. Oh, wow. Okay. Um,

Something else I was going to suggest or talk about is how do you see 3D printing coming into this as well? So, okay, yeah, timber, actual timber planks and whatnot have to be cut and transported. Presumably it's not going to be as strong, but if you could 3D print a wood kind of material or even concrete, I guess, like even a green concrete, that's going to further help improve the possibilities really, isn't it?

The structural design? When it comes to 3D printing, is what you're saying? Yeah, yeah. So you've got the design part of it, and there's the actual building, the building. So with 3D printing, you can be even more precise, couldn't you? With where you're placing the materials and whatnot. Yeah, I think...

Building information modeling is, I would say, really the easiest way to go about that. And you can't really 3D print unless you have a BIM model of something. Fair enough. So if you already have a BIM model of it, I think 3D printing would be more of a waste. You just don't want to waste more materials than you'll have to essentially.

But I see where you're coming from because it would look really cool. I would love to 3D print a little model of our buildings. That would be amazing. You frame yourself very well, I think. It's like you take the model, the BIM model, the AIs help build it. That's then like sending to a printer. That goes to a 3D printer. The ability of being able to move a nozzle around or I don't know.

I'm talking nonsense. Just gives, potentially could make it even more efficient with regards to materials. Like visually seeing something is what you're saying. Like visually be able to see and really... Presumably the BIM systems now and the AI systems you have now are predicated on human engineers then building it on site with standard technologies, right? Yeah.

either build shuttering or whatnot or prefabricated parts and things like that. I'm obviously not explaining myself very well. Yeah, like a 3D printer, you can just change materials as you go in, as you're printing the building, basically. Like a 3D printed plastic model.

Hmm. Okay. I think I see. Yeah, I see where you're coming from. I would say, honestly, that would probably be most useful for the contractors, like people are actually building the building when it comes to the because when it comes to just the design aspect is what we're what I'm involved with.

So seeing it in a BIM model is pretty sufficient. But when it comes to building it, it could probably aid in building them when it comes to the contractor work, right? Yeah. So it's kind of running the points up and it from the architect to you guys, then to the contractor. Yes.

Yeah. Oh, cool. The contractor sometimes has in-house engineers, by the way. True. This gets more complicated. Hold on. It's going to get more complicated. But yeah, they sometimes have their own design team, which they call building design build projects. Right. Mm-hmm.

We're off topic there, sorry. Yeah, no worries. Last question I've got here. If given free reign to innovate using AI in your projects, what would you prioritize to revolutionize structural analysis and design? Yeah, mouthful. Yes, that is a mouthful. What would I prioritize? I would prioritize...

There's a lot of, everything we talked about is priority right now. The sustainability aspect of it, priority. The way it's going to incorporate it, automatically incorporate building codes and regulations, priority. The way it would give us suggestions on how to achieve the most efficient design when it comes to the layout of the building. That suggestion is also priority.

So being able to really seamlessly incorporate it into the softwares that we use, as long as we have that, then it's going to be able to achieve all the things that I listed, essentially. Fantastic. So all of the above, basically, and jargon. Oh, yes. The answer is D, all of the above. Fantastic. That's all my questions. Is there anything else you'd like to add? You think we haven't touched on, the audience should know about?

I don't think so. We talked about, I think we talked about a lot of great stuff. So yeah, I don't think so. Thank you so much, Chris, for your time. No problem at all. In that case, with that, thank you for your time, Sina. That was very interesting.

Awesome. Talk to you later. That concludes this episode of Lexicon. Thank you all for tuning in and being our guest today. As always, follow our social media channels for the latest science and technology news. Also, don't forget to subscribe to IE Plus for premium insights and exclusive content.