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cover of episode Steven Pinker: Harvard Professor Explains The Rules of Writing | How I Write

Steven Pinker: Harvard Professor Explains The Rules of Writing | How I Write

2025/6/4
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How I Write

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Steven Pinker: 我认为写作差的主要原因是作者无法站在读者的角度思考。很多人认为糟糕的写作是故意的,比如学术界人士用晦涩难懂的语言来掩盖平庸的想法,或者一些人为了建立一种外人无法理解的崇拜而使用行话。但我认为主要原因是作者无法站在读者的角度思考,这是一种愚蠢,因为作者不知道他们的读者来自哪里。为了避免“知识的诅咒”,我会尽力想象别人不知道我知道的事情是什么感觉,并把书稿给别人看。我会把书稿给我的母亲看,因为她虽然聪明且博学,但不是认知心理学家,不了解我所知道的。我也为有求知欲且受过一定教育的人写作,但不是为我所在领域的同行写作。出版社会给我安排编辑,编辑通常很聪明,但不在我的专业领域。总之,写作时要站在读者的角度思考,了解他们的知识背景,避免使用抽象的术语。 Steven Pinker: 好的写作应该具体,帮助读者看到作者想要表达的内容。语言的目的是让人们理解你想要表达的思想,这些思想通常是视觉的、运动的、情感的、听觉的或感官的。写作时要让读者能够根据你所写的内容形成心理图像,不要使用抽象的术语,例如“水平”、“视角”、“框架”或“范式”。视觉隐喻通常很有帮助。过去的作家不得不利用人们的常识来表达,例如用“鹰的精神融入我们的血肉”来代替“侵略”或“反社会行为”。过去的写作之所以更引人入胜,是因为它们必须诉诸视觉隐喻。

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Chapters
This chapter explores the reasons behind the prevalence of bad writing, focusing on the "curse of knowledge"—the difficulty of understanding what it's like not to know something. It argues that bad writing primarily stems from a lack of awareness of the audience's perspective and knowledge.
  • Curse of knowledge as the main cause of bad writing
  • Inability to put oneself in the audience's shoes
  • Use of jargon and abstractions without sufficient explanation

Shownotes Transcript

I’m here at Harvard in the office of Steven Pinker. He’s written nine books and spent his life studying language, cognition, and writing. In this interview, we started with the practical: the rules of writing. But what makes him unique is that he’s been thinking about AI since the 1980s. So if you’re interested in doing great non-fiction writing in the age of LLMs, this interview is for you.

Hey! I’m David Perell and I’m a writer, teacher, and podcaster. I believe writing online is one of the biggest opportunities in the world today. For the first time in human history, everybody can freely share their ideas with a global audience. I seek to help as many people publish their writing online as possible.

Follow me Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-write/id1700171470 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@DavidPerellChannel X: https://x.com/david_perell

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