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cover of episode 616 - Canola Deep Dive

616 - Canola Deep Dive

2024/12/5
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Weird Medicine: The Podcast

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Dr. Steve: 本期节目深入探讨了菜籽油的健康益处和风险,以及相关的研究结果。目前的研究结果复杂且不一致,尚不足以完全禁止其使用。菜籽油并非来自菜籽植物,而是由油菜籽制成,其加工过程可能降低营养价值并引入有害化合物。菜籽油富含omega-6脂肪酸,在某些情况下可能具有促炎作用,尤其当omega-6脂肪酸超过omega-3脂肪酸时。动物研究表明菜籽油可能与负面健康结果相关,例如炎症增加和记忆力受损,但这并不一定适用于人类。现代菜籽油通过孟德尔遗传学育种,降低了芥酸的含量,减少了其毒性。菜籽油饱和脂肪含量低,富含单不饱和脂肪酸,可能有助于降低坏胆固醇水平。菜籽油含有ALA(一种omega-3脂肪酸),但也含有omega-6脂肪酸。相比橄榄油,菜籽油价格更实惠,但如果可以选择,我更倾向于橄榄油或鳄梨油。高温烹调油脂会产生有害物质,因此高烟点油脂可能更健康,鳄梨油就是其中之一。菜籽油经过加工,具有中性风味和高烟点,适合多种烹饪方法。许多健康组织(如美国心脏协会)认为菜籽油对心脏健康有益,但这可能受到利益相关方的影响。需要更多高质量的人体研究来全面了解菜籽油的长期影响,目前的研究结果尚不确定。一项荟萃分析显示,菜籽油可以显著降低总胆固醇,但还需要进一步研究其对心血管疾病发生率的影响。一项对42篇文献的荟萃分析显示,菜籽油能显著降低总胆固醇、LDL胆固醇和甘油三酯,改善LDL/HDL比值。降低血脂指标只是次要终点,降低心血管疾病发生率才是主要终点,目前的研究主要关注血脂指标。研究表明,将菜籽油替换为总热量摄入的约15%可以获得最佳益处。一些研究表明菜籽油对心血管风险因素有益,这与普遍认为的菜籽油有害的观点相矛盾。一些研究表明,与富含饱和脂肪酸的饮食相比,以菜籽油为基础的饮食可以降低血浆胆固醇水平。研究表明,菜籽油对冠心病、胰岛素敏感性、脂质过氧化、炎症、能量代谢和癌细胞生长等方面具有积极影响。越来越多的科学证据支持菜籽油作为一种健康促进性膳食成分的应用,其益处不仅限于降低血脂。一项为期13周的大鼠毒性研究显示,菜籽油对大鼠没有不良影响,但这并不一定适用于人类。菜籽油对人体不同部位的影响可能不同,需要进一步研究其对非心血管系统的潜在影响。一项研究表明,与大豆油相比,菜籽油会缩短易患中风的自发性高血压大鼠的生存期,并降低其睾酮水平。菜籽油对不同人群的影响可能不同,需要根据个体情况来决定是否使用。需要进行人体研究来评估菜籽油对男性睾酮水平的影响。一项研究表明,与玉米油相比,菜籽油可能对结肠癌的发生具有化学预防作用。一项大鼠研究表明,与玉米油相比,菜籽油能显著降低结肠肿瘤的发生率和多发性。菜籽油对某些疾病可能有益,对其他疾病可能有害,其作用取决于具体情况和人群。1981年西班牙发生的毒油综合征事件可能是菜籽油负面评价的来源之一,该事件与高芥酸含量的菜籽油有关。现代菜籽油的芥酸含量已显著降低,毒油综合征事件的风险已大大减少。一项研究表明,母鼠食用菜籽油可以抑制其后代的乳腺癌发生。关于食用油与癌症之间关系的研究仍在进行中,目前尚无明确结论。高温烹调油脂可能产生致癌物,尤其是在一些使用明火烹饪的国家/地区。偶尔使用高温烹调方法以及使用精制油对健康的影响可能较小。omega-6脂肪酸在适当的比例下是有益的,不必完全避免摄入。为了改善omega-3和omega-6脂肪酸的比例,应该增加omega-3脂肪酸的摄入量,而不是减少omega-6脂肪酸的摄入量。omega-6脂肪酸可以降低有害的LDL胆固醇,提高有益的HDL胆固醇,并改善胰岛素敏感性。人体会将花生四烯酸转化为具有抗炎和抗血栓作用的分子,因此不能仅仅根据花生四烯酸来判断omega-6脂肪酸的益处或害处。美国心脏协会认为,omega-6脂肪酸对心血管健康有益,并且摄入适量的omega-6脂肪酸是安全的。一项研究表明,用多不饱和脂肪酸(包括omega-6和omega-3脂肪酸)替代饱和脂肪酸可以降低心脏病发病率。最新的营养指南建议用不饱和脂肪酸(如omega-6脂肪酸)代替饱和脂肪酸。关于菜籽油的益处和风险,目前的研究结果复杂且不一致,需要进一步研究。菜籽油对不同年龄段人群的影响可能不同,需要根据个体情况和健康状况来决定是否使用。许多营养物质对人体的影响取决于具体情况和目标,不能一概而论。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

What is the origin of the term 'Canola Oil'?

Canola Oil gets its name from 'Canada Oil Low Acid,' which is more marketable than 'Rapeseed Oil.'

Why is Canola Oil considered controversial?

Canola Oil is highly processed, which may reduce its nutritional value and introduce harmful compounds. It also contains omega-6 fatty acids, which can be pro-inflammatory in certain contexts.

What are the potential health benefits of Canola Oil?

Canola Oil is low in saturated fat, high in monounsaturated fat, and contains ALA (an omega-3 fatty acid). It has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in some studies.

What are the concerns about Canola Oil's processing?

Canola Oil undergoes extensive processing, including bleaching and deodorizing, which may reduce its nutritional value and introduce harmful compounds.

How does Canola Oil compare to other oils in terms of affordability?

Canola Oil is significantly more affordable than oils like olive oil or avocado oil.

What is the role of omega-6 fatty acids in Canola Oil?

Omega-6 fatty acids in Canola Oil are essential but can be pro-inflammatory when consumed in excess compared to omega-3 fatty acids.

What are the findings of the systematic review on Canola Oil and cardiovascular risk?

The systematic review found that Canola Oil significantly improved cardiometabolic risk factors, including reducing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides compared to other oils.

What are the potential risks of Canola Oil consumption?

Some animal studies have linked Canola Oil to increased inflammation and impaired memory. It may also lower testosterone levels in certain populations, such as those with metabolic syndrome.

What is the significance of erucic acid in Canola Oil?

Erucic acid was present in older varieties of rapeseed oil and was considered toxic. Modern Canola Oil has been bred to have negligible levels of erucic acid.

What are the potential cancer-preventative effects of Canola Oil?

Some studies suggest that Canola Oil may have chemopreventative effects, particularly in reducing colon cancer development in rats and suppressing mammary carcinogenesis in female rat offspring.

What is the role of omega-6 fats in the diet?

Omega-6 fats are beneficial for lowering harmful LDL cholesterol, boosting HDL cholesterol, and improving insulin sensitivity. However, they can promote inflammation if not balanced with omega-3 fats.

What are the recommendations for omega-6 fat intake?

The American Heart Association recommends getting 5 to 10 percent of daily calories from omega-6 fats, which translates to 11 to 22 grams for someone consuming 2,000 calories a day.

What are the potential side effects of Xanax (Alprazolam)?

Xanax is habit-forming and can lead to tolerance, where the drug becomes less effective over time. It is also associated with withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly.

What are some alternatives to Xanax for anxiety?

Alternatives to Xanax include cognitive behavioral therapy, other antidepressants like serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), or ketamine therapy, which has been effective for some refractory depression cases.

Shownotes Transcript

  • Dr Steve takes a deep dive into the medical literature on the risks, benefits and alternatives to Canola Oil, a commonly used seed oil in the US and elsewhere. By the way, Canola oil gets its name from "Canada Oil Low Acid," (THANKS Canada) which is a more marketable name than "Rapeseed Oil." If you call it "Canola Oil" it is recursive since the 'o' in Canola stands for the word "oil." Therefore you're saying Canada Oil Low Acid Oil, which is stupid, so we should just call it "Canola" or Canada Low Acid Oil ... but I digress.

  • Also alprazolam (xanax) for anxiety and alternatives to this habit-forming drug

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