Supplemental: This Week in YouTube January 12
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Hey friends, welcome to the Renaissance English History Podcast. This is the weekly highlight reel of videos that I have put out on YouTube. So in case you don't know, you can go over to YouTube and watch all my videos. The channel is History and Coffee, and you can just search for my name as well, Heather Tesco, History and Coffee, and you will get it. And you can subscribe there. Thank you to the many people who already subscribe. And then what I've started doing is

weekly highlight reels of some of the videos that have gone out on YouTube that would be of interest to the podcast listeners as well. So thanks for listening. And you can also, like I said, go over and join me on YouTube history and coffee and search for Heather. And there I am. So let's get right into it.

Today is a little bit of a shorter video, but we're going to talk about five key moments that changed Tudor England forever. So, of course, the Tudors were masters of drama, of intrigue, of jaw-dropping events. And these are five moments that are no exception to that. So moment number one, the Battle of Bosworth.

This is the event where it all began, the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, the dramatic clash where Henry Tudor defeated Richard III and claimed the English throne by combat, the last time a throne was claimed by combat.

It wasn't just a battle. It was a total game changer. Richard III was the last Plantagenet king. They had ruled for over 300 years. When he fell on the battlefield, it marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. Of course, we know that. For the Tudors, they didn't know that. Some people actually put the end of the Wars of the Roses at the Battle of Stoke a little bit later, which was one of those rebellions against Henry VII. But

For all intents and purposes, it was the Battle of Bosworth. Henry Tudor was crowned Henry VII. The Tudor dynasty begins a dynasty that would define this period of English history. And fun fact, Richard's body wasn't recovered until 2012. It was buried under a parking lot in Leicester. And what I think is really funny is the craziest part of it.

It was buried under a reserved parking spot. So it was actually marked with an R over it because it was reserved. So there you go. That was a plot twist.

moment number two the act of supremacy in fifteen thirty four fast forward almost fifty years to fifteen thirty four and one of the boldest moves in tudor history the act of supremacy this is when henry the eighth declares himself the supreme head of the church of england officially breaking away from the pope and the roman catholic church

this wasn't just about religion this was about power henry wanted control over the english course oh and yes he also wanted marianne boleyn the act of supremacy kicked off the english reformation and set the stage for centuries of religious upheaval

What's so incredible is that a single act reshaped the political and religious landscape of England forever. Without it, we wouldn't have the Church of England as we know it today or the dramas that followed with Henry's six wives. I also think it's interesting that this wasn't the first time this had been talked about.

Monarchs for centuries had been trying to figure out how to control the church in England. There's, of course, Henry II, who says, well, no one rid me of this meddlesome priest. And that leads to all of these issues with the Archbishop of Canterbury being killed. And even then, Henry IV was dealing with money issues.

And there was the idea floated around that he could just take control of all of the monastic lands and use that because the commons didn't want to fund more taxes. So this was something that monarchs had been struggling with for centuries. And Henry VIII finally figured out the way to get control, which was the act of supremacy. So 1534.

1533 was Anne Boleyn's coronation. This moment was symbolic of the monumental changes that were sweeping through Tudor England. Anne's coronation was a declaration of Henry's defiance of the Pope. She was crowned with St. Edward's crown, a symbol reserved for reigning monarchs, emphasizing that Anne wasn't going to be just a plain old consort.

Henry wanted everyone to see her as his true queen. The streets of London were lined with the celebrations, but not everybody was thrilled with Anne's rise. Her story would, of course, ultimately end in tragedy, but her coronation stands as a pivotal moment in the Tudor saga. Then we jump ahead to the Spanish Armada in 1588, one of the most famous events of Elizabeth I's reign.

This was a defining moment that secured England's position as a rising naval power. Philip II sent the Armada to overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism to England.

But thanks to a combination of brilliant English strategy, terrible Spanish luck, and some classic English weather, the Armada was defeated. Elizabeth capitalized on the moment, delivering her iconic speech at Tilbury, I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king. This victory was more than just military success. This cemented Elizabeth's legacy as one of England's greatest monarchs.

moment number five the death of elizabeth we can't talk about tudor history without mentioning its bittersweet end the death of elizabeth in sixteen o three her passing marked the conclusion of the tudor dynasty which had ruled for a hundred and eighteen years

elizabeth's reign was often called a golden age but her death left england with an uncertain future she had no direct heir so the throne passed to her cousin james the sixth of scotland uniting the crowns of england and scotland under the stuart dynasty

Elizabeth's death wasn't just the end of an era. It was the beginning of a whole new chapter for England, one shaped by everything that the Tudors had built, for better or for worse. Of course, this is just a quick recap of five of the countless moments that makes Tudor history so fascinating. There is so much more to uncover, stories of rebellion, of discovery, of heartbreak, and triumph that shaped not just the Tudor dynasty, but also the very fabric of England itself.

All right. Until then, in the comments, tell me your favorite moment from Tudor history. Is it one of these that we talked about or is it something else entirely? I would love to hear your thoughts.

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Today, we are going to talk about a woman who

Who is, you know, there's that saying that any man, what's it? It's like any powerful man has a good woman behind him or something like that. Any successful man has a powerful woman behind him. Something like that. Mildred Cook, who was the wife of William Cecil. So we're going to talk about her. She was an extraordinary woman in her own right. Um,

We're going to give her a little bit of time today. Mildred Cook, a woman who was not simply content to sit on the sidelines of history. She was born in 1526 into a family where books and learning were as important as food and water.

mildred grew up surrounded by the hum of intellectual curiosity her father was sir anthony cook and he believed that education was not just for sons he saw to it that all of his daughters including mildred were trained in languages in philosophy and in the classical texts that shaped renaissance thought mildred quickly stood out for her intellect

By the time she reached adulthood, she could read as fluently in Latin and Greek as she could in English. These were skills that placed her among the most educated women of her time. Roger Ascombe, who was the tutor to the future Elizabeth I, praised Mildred and her sisters, comparing them actually to Lady Jane Grey, who was another intellectual prodigy that Roger Ascombe knew. This wasn't just idle flattery. It was rare for women of the period to achieve such mastery.

and it earned Mildred a reputation that followed her throughout her life. Mildred translated works by early Christian theologians, including a sermon by Basil the Great. These weren't casual undertakings. Although she never published her translations, they circulated amongst the elite, earning her respect of contemporary scholars.

Mildred's intellectual pursuits weren't confined to her private study either. Her library was filled with Greek, Latin, French, and English works, and it became one of the most impressive private collections of the period. It was in these intellectual circles of this elite group where she probably met William Cecil, who was a rising star in Tudor politics, and they married in 1545.

This wasn't an average tutor marriage that was based on land alliances. William and Mildred shared a passion for learning that shaped their household. Together, they created an environment where education flourished. Their children, including the future statesman Robert Cecil, received rigorous tutoring, and the Cecil household became a sanctuary for humanist thought.

But Mildred's role wasn't limited to domestic life. She understood politics, and she wasn't afraid to make her opinion known. Foreign ambassadors noted her influence on her husband's decisions. In one instance, the Spanish ambassador, Guzmán de Silva, observed that Mildred had strong opinions on Elizabeth I's potential marriage to Archduke Charles of Austria, fearing it could destabilize England's fragile religious peace.

she was as he put it a much more furious heretic than her husband a sharp remark that hints at a firm stance on the protestant cause mildred's influence even extended beyond the home during the negotiations for the treaty of edinburgh in fifteen sixty several scottish leaders reached out to her directly later in fifteen seventy three she wrote a letter in latin to her cousin sir william fitzwilliam lord deputy of ireland

offering advice on governance this wasn't a woman who was content to just let the men do the talking mildred was more than cecil's wife she was his confidante his adviser and sometimes a subtle counterbalance to his decisions their marriage lasted over four decades which is in itself a rare feat it was built on mutual respect and shared intellectual pursuits

while william tackled all of the different alliances and elizabethan politics mildred also played a quieter but equally significant role as lady burleigh mildred wielded influence in ways that didn't always make it into the official records when ambassadors and petitioners sought her husband's favour they often approached her first in one instance a suitor gifted her two hundred and fifty pounds for her assistance

a sum that shows just how valuable her intercession could be. Far from being a passive participant in her husband's career, Mildred was actively shaping its course. Her household became a model of Renaissance culture, described by contemporaries as a haven for classical studies, philosophy, and music.

Beyond her own children, she oversaw the education of royal wards, including Edward de Vere, who was the 17th Earl of Oxford, who later married her daughter Anne. Mildred's commitment to education extended beyond her family. She made significant contributions to institutions like St. John's College in Cambridge, where she funded scholarships and gifted books. Her donations weren't random acts of generosity. They showed her lifelong dedication to fostering knowledge.

In 1580, she presented a Bible in multiple languages to the college, which showed again her scholarly passions. But Mildred also had a deeply charitable side as well. After her death in 1589, William discovered that she had performed numerous acts of kindness and financial assistance in secret, a revelation that moved him profoundly. In his meditation on the death of his lady, he reflected on her hidden virtues and the deep bond that they had shared.

her death in fifteen eighty nine marks the end of an extraordinary life her daughter had died the year before and so she was buried in westminster abbey next to her daughter anne who was the countess of oxford beneath a towering monument that shows the esteem with which she was held and her husband william had written that his eyes were dim with the tears for those who were dear to him beyond the whole race of womankind

So clearly their marriage may not have been a love match in the beginning, but it definitely was by the time she died after their 40 years together. So Mildred stands out not only as the wife of one of Elizabeth's most trusted advisor, but as a figure in her own right, a woman who balanced the roles of scholar, political influencer, and mother with remarkable grace. There you have it, a little bit about Mildred Cook, Mildred Cecil.

Thanks so much for listening to this week's YouTube highlights. Remember, you can go over and subscribe. History and Coffee, Heather Tesco, you will find me there. And we'll be back again next week with more highlights from what went out on YouTube throughout the week. Thanks so much. Have a great week.

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