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cover of episode 366 Midair Collision at Reagan National - Tragedy Over the Potomac

366 Midair Collision at Reagan National - Tragedy Over the Potomac

2025/1/31
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Max Rescott
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我详细分析了华盛顿里根国家机场发生的这起悲惨的空中相撞事故,涉及一架PSA航空公司的CRJ700区域喷气式飞机和一架美国陆军黑鹰直升机。事故发生在波托马克河上空,肯尼迪中心的一个网络摄像头记录下了这一事件。 根据初步调查,陆军直升机没有遵守空中交通管制员的指示,这很可能是事故的主要原因之一。然而,事故的发生是多重因素共同作用的结果,这与瑞士奶酪模型的理论相符。 事故中,飞机的TCAS系统由于高度过低而被抑制,这使得飞行员无法获得自动警告。夜间飞行条件下的感知挑战也可能导致飞行员未能及时发现并避免相撞。 我分析了事故相关的ATC音频和飞行轨迹数据,并讨论了ADS-B系统和Mode S应答机在事故中的作用。虽然直升机没有传输ADS-B数据,但ADS-B Exchange通过其Mode S接收器网络追踪到了直升机的方位。 我强调了夜间飞行中感知的局限性,例如缺乏深度知觉、大小和距离错觉、缺乏相对运动线索、自动运动以及眩光和光晕等因素。我建议飞行员在夜间飞行时尽早开始避开其他飞机,并充分利用机载交通屏幕和相对矢量功能来提高态势感知能力。 我还讨论了瑞士奶酪模型,并分析了导致这次事故的多个防御漏洞,包括陆军机组人员未能遵守指示、两名机组人员未能看到并避免对方、TCAS系统在低空被抑制、以及可能存在的雷达碰撞警报未能及时提醒飞行员等。 最后,我呼吁飞行员进行防御性飞行,并利用所有可用的工具来避免空中相撞。

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Max discusses the tragic midair collision at Reagan National Airport between a PSA Airlines CRJ700 regional jet and a U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopter. The midair crash over the Potomac River was captured by a Kennedy Center webcam.

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ATC instructed the Army helicopter to follow the airliner to Runway 33, but it did not comply. The helicopter was not transmitting ADS-B Out, though its position was tracked using Mode S transponders. TCAS alerts are disabled below 400 feet, meaning the pilots had no automated warning. Nighttime perception challenges likely contributed to the crew’s failure to see and avoid each other.

Trescott reviews ATC audio and past midair collisions, emphasizing the Swiss Cheese Model of accident causation—multiple failures aligned to cause the crash. A reported FAA radar screen showed collision alerts 30 seconds prior, but no action was taken. He urges pilots to use traffic displays with relative vectors for better situational awareness, particularly at night.

The episode ends with a call to fly defensively and use all available tools to prevent midair collisions.

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