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cover of episode Apollo: Connoisseurs of Complexity - [Business Breakdowns, EP.208]

Apollo: Connoisseurs of Complexity - [Business Breakdowns, EP.208]

2025/3/14
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Business Breakdowns

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Hunter Hopcroft
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Matt Russell
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Matt Russell: 我对 Apollo 的个人经验是,他们非常有天赋,并且非常努力地工作。他们会尽一切努力保护自己的资本,所以如果你和他们处于谈判桌的另一边,你永远不会感到完全自在。 Hunter Hopcroft: Apollo 的 DNA 是寻找那些在不牺牲信用风险的情况下,愿意做一些更复杂的事情,或者流动性较低但仍具有相同投资级别评级的领域。Apollo 的发展轨迹与金融市场的发展轨迹非常相似,其对资产负债表的关注、对流动性的关注以及对复杂性的吸引力定义了公司的文化。Apollo 是一家全球性的另类资产管理公司,规模与 KKR 和 Blackstone 等公司相当,其资产规模位居行业前列。Apollo 的投资策略与其他另类资产管理公司不同,其投资组合分为收益型、混合型和权益型三大类。Apollo 的规模扩张得益于另类资产行业的整体增长,以及其专注于信贷业务的策略,特别是其在永续资本方面的成功。Apollo 的战略突破在于其对保险业务,特别是退休解决方案或年金的关注,这使其获得了大量的永续资本。Apollo 由 Leon Black、Joshua Harris 和 Mark Rowan 三位创始人创立,他们都是 Drexel Burnham Lambert 公司的校友,并深受 Michael Milken 的影响。Apollo 的成立是基于 Drexel Burnham Lambert 公司倒闭后留下的机会,Leon Black 看到了介入许多有趣局面的机会。Apollo 的早期成功很大程度上依赖于法国里昂信贷银行委托其管理 Drexel 倒闭后遗留的困境债务。Apollo 始终关注资产负债表,而不是仅仅关注损益表,他们通过资产负债表寻找有价值的资产。Apollo 通过债务控制公司,最终使公司上市,这体现了其通过困境债务交易进行私募股权投资的策略。21 世纪初,机构投资者对另类资产的接受度提高,导致交易规模扩大,Apollo 参与了一些大型交易,例如凯撒宫的收购。2008-2009 年金融危机为另类资产管理公司创造了巨大的机会,也促使它们上市,以解决人才激励和平台扩张融资的问题。上市后,另类资产管理公司更容易获得股权和债务资本,从而支持平台扩张和新战略的启动。Leon Black 离职后,Mark Rowan 成为 Apollo 的首席执行官,这标志着公司将继续转向信贷业务。Mark Rowan 领导下的 Apollo 重新定义了另类资产管理行业,强调资产发起的概念。Apollo 收购 American Equity Life 并将其发展壮大,这体现了其在困境中寻找机会的能力。Mark Rowan 的突破在于将保险资本中的权益部分用于收购或设立资产发起平台,从而产生利差收入。Apollo 通过设立独立的资产发起平台,而不是将其内部化,能够获得更高的费用和收益。Rowan 认为,公共和私人市场将会融合,投资者对每日流动性的需求将会降低。年金销售的增长对新的信贷创造提出了需求,Apollo 认为私募信贷应该发展到投资级水平。Apollo 试图通过创造性的结构安排,进入大型公司贷款市场,并利用其在结构化债务方面的优势与银行竞争。Apollo 认为,其增长的最大制约因素不是资本形成,而是能否创造足够的优质资产来满足需求。Apollo 的盈利模式现在分为费用相关收入、利差相关收入和本金投资三部分,利差相关收入已经超过费用相关收入。Apollo 的风险不在于系统性风险,而在于随着债务需求的增长,回报率可能会逐渐下降。Apollo 的估值方法正在从基于费用相关收入的倍数法向类似银行的利差相关收入法转变。另类资产管理公司正在从市场的一个细分领域发展成为金融市场的主导力量。Apollo 拥有积极进取的声誉,这使其在竞争中具有优势,但同时也需要调整其形象以适应其业务的转型。从 Apollo 的经验中可以吸取的教训包括:在资本结构方面进行创新,认识到资产负债表的重要性,以及关注市场演变。

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Shownotes Transcript

 ​Today, we are breaking down the  global alternative asset manager, Apollo. I reflected on my personal experiences with Apollo for this episode, and there's a saying that hard work can beat talent when talent doesn't work hard. Well, Apollo has talent, and Apollo works really damn hard. They will do everything they can to protect their capital, so if you're on the other side of the table from them, you never feel fully comfortable.

I am joined by Hunter Hopcroft), a financial analyst and writer based in New York. We get into what makes Apollo, Apollo, and Hunter share the backstory of how it was born out of Drexel Burnham and Michael Milkin’s DNA. We get into some of the early deals, the theme of craving complexity, how they differ from the KKRs or Blackstones, and the future of the industry.

Please enjoy this Breakdown of Apollo.

Subscribe)** to Colossus Review**

For the full show notes, transcript, and links to the best content to learn more, check out the episode page here.)

—--

Business Breakdowns is a property of Colossus, LLC. For more episodes of Business Breakdowns, visit joincolossus.com/episodes).

Editing and post-production work for this episode was provided by The Podcast Consultant (https://thepodcastconsultant.com)).

Show Notes

(00:00:00) Welcome to Business Breakdowns

(00:02:49) Apollo's Current Landscape

(00:07:45) Apollo's Founding and Early Days

(00:10:39) Key Deals and Strategies

(00:17:09) The 2000s and Financial Crisis

(00:22:10) IPO and Public Transition

(00:25:47) Leadership Transition to Mark Rowan

(00:31:20) Rowan's Vision and Athene Merger

(00:35:12) Investment Strategies of Alt Managers

(00:36:28) The Athene Merger and Its Implications

(00:38:30) Rowan's Breakthrough in Spread Generation

(00:39:49) Innovative Asset Origination Platforms

(00:44:42) Private Credit and Market Dynamics

(00:46:49) The Future of Apollo and Private Credit

(00:52:09) Evaluating Apollo's Business Model

(01:05:33) Reputation and Evolution of Apollo

(01:08:50) Lessons from Apollo