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cover of episode Global trends in climate litigation 2025: report launch

Global trends in climate litigation 2025: report launch

2025/6/26
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LSE: Public lectures and events
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J
Joana Setzer
L
Larry Kramer
M
Mike Girard
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Larry Kramer: 我认为气候诉讼已从边缘问题发展成为塑造、检验和推进全球气候行动的重要方法。我早年支持气候诉讼的决定，即使当时胜诉机会渺茫，也是因为我相信诉讼可以公开化石燃料行业的内幕信息，从而改变公众舆论。尽管面临政治阻力，气候诉讼的有效性日益增强，这促使我们更深入地研究其影响，并致力于通过政策研究支持更公正的气候治理。 Joana Setzer: 我认为气候诉讼领域正变得日益复杂、成熟和扩展。复杂性体现在同一行为者可能面临来自对立双方的诉讼，成熟体现在越来越多的案件提交至最高法院并取得裁决，扩展体现在针对企业的诉讼不仅针对碳排放大户，还涉及更多行业。我们还面临执行判决的挑战，以及如何量化国内公平的碳预算份额等问题。总的来说，气候诉讼正在成为气候治理难题中不可或缺的一部分。 Mike Girard: 我认为特朗普政府试图破坏环保监管体系的努力在法庭上受到了强烈的抵制。各州和城市对化石燃料公司提起的诉讼也取得了进展，尽管面临一些挫折，但最高法院拒绝干预这些案件。蒙大拿州和夏威夷州在州宪法中拥有环境权条款，并在这些州取得了重要胜利。尽管如此，美国最高法院也做出了一些对环境产生负面影响的裁决，因此，美国的局势喜忧参半。 Jacqueline Peel: 我认为澳大利亚是气候诉讼的热点地区，这既是因为我们面临严峻的气候问题，也是因为我们在气候政策方面长期滞后。澳大利亚的案例在范围三排放和企业“洗绿”方面具有前瞻性，但缺乏国家人权框架阻碍了案件进入最高法院。我们看到越来越多的案件关注企业的整体气候战略，而不仅仅是具体项目，这促使我们思考在气候受限的世界中，什么是可接受的商业模式。 Danielle D'Andrade Moriera: 我认为巴西的气候诉讼主要集中在损害赔偿方面，特别是与亚马逊地区森林砍伐相关的案件。巴西的宪法权利和环境法为这些案件提供了重要的法律基础。我们看到越来越多的案件挑战私营部门，并寻求修复气候损害。巴西独特的环境责任框架为将环境原则应用于气候变化挑战提供了跳板，并为新一轮的法律行动提供了肥沃的土壤。 Kate Cook: 我认为国际咨询意见具有重要意义，因为它们是对条约法和习惯国际法的权威解释。这些意见将对国内案件产生影响，并对政府决策和投资产生规范性影响。站在所有咨询意见背后的是一个大问题，即是否存在一个连贯有效的国际法体系来应对气候变化。我们需要弥合温室气体排放、化石燃料生产、气候融资和适应等方面的差距，并确保国际法能够引导我们摆脱气候崩溃的轨道。

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This chapter summarizes the key trends in global climate litigation, highlighting the growing complexity of cases, the field's increasing maturity, and its expanding scope. It emphasizes the rise of strategic litigation, the growing number of cases reaching apex courts, and the increasing focus on corporate accountability.
  • Three key trends: growing complexity, maturing field, expanding scope
  • Around 220 climate change cases filed in 2024, 80% being strategic litigation
  • Significant growth of litigation in the Global South (60% of cases filed in the last four years)
  • Increased judicial engagement with climate action, with cases reaching Supreme and Constitutional Courts
  • Expansion of corporate climate litigation, targeting various sectors beyond major emitters

Shownotes Transcript

Contributor(s): Dr Danielle de Andrade Moreira, Kate Cook, Professor Michael Gerrard, Professor Jacqueline Peel, Dr Joana Setzer | This influential report provides an annual overview of key developments in climate litigation worldwide and identifies emerging trends shaping the future of climate law and governance. This year's report marks a decade since the landmark rulings in Urgenda Foundation v State of the Netherlands and Leghari v Federation of Pakistan. These cases pioneered the ‘rights-turn’ in climate litigation. Ten years on, the field has matured and diversified. In this edition, we expand our typology of case strategies to examine trends in cases heard by Supreme Courts and their equivalents, offering new insights into litigation outcomes at the highest judicial levels.Featured image (used in source code with watermark added): Photo by Kaboompics.com via Pexels: https://www.pexels.com/photo/women-protesting-and-speaking-through-megaphones-8106775/