cover of episode To Know What You Know: With Guests David Dunning & Andrew Flack

To Know What You Know: With Guests David Dunning & Andrew Flack

2024/8/26
logo of podcast Choiceology with Katy Milkman

Choiceology with Katy Milkman

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Andrew Flack
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David Dunning
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Katy Milkman: 本期节目探讨了人们常常在没有意识到自己能力不足的情况下,贸然承担超出自己能力范围的任务,并以Cecilia Jimenez修复壁画的案例为例进行了说明。 Andrew Flack: 我创作的歌剧《Behold the Man》取材于Cecilia Jimenez修复壁画的真实故事,歌剧展现了Cecilia Jimenez的困境以及她最终原谅批评她的人们。 David Dunning: 达克效应是指缺乏专业知识的人无法意识到自己缺乏专业知识,这是一种普遍存在的认知偏差,它存在于生活中许多重要的决策中,例如买房、选择配偶和总统选举等。研究表明,人们对自身能力的评估往往过于乐观,即使提供金钱奖励,也无法提高人们对自身能力的准确评估。在医学领域,这项偏差尤其重要,因为医学生对自身成绩的评估往往过于乐观,这可能会影响他们的医疗实践。达克效应的根本原因是缺乏必要的技能来判断自身能力,而这个过程本身就是定义的一部分。基于我的研究,我更加注重准备工作,并更愿意承认自己的错误。 Katy Milkman: 学习新的知识是克服达克效应的最佳方法之一。知识与自信的关系图显示,知识少的人自信心高,知识多的人自信心低,只有当人们掌握了足够的专业知识后,自信心才会再次提升。为了避免达克效应,在面对新的任务时,应该给自己留出更大的缓冲空间。拥有真正的知识意味着知道自己知道什么,以及自己不知道什么。

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In this episode of Choiceology with Katy Milkman), we look at the often-misunderstood and surprisingly common Dunning-Kruger effect with an interview featuring one of the researchers who first identified it, David Dunning.

But we start with the story of Cecilia Jimenez), the humble Spanish grandmother and amateur landscape painter who took it upon herself to restore a fresco in her local church. The results made international headlines—and briefly made Ceclia Jimenez a household name—for all the wrong reasons.

Andrew Flack has a lot of compassion for Cecilia. He met with her several times in the process of writing an opera with composer Paul Fowler called Behold the Man) about Ceclia’s ill-fated but ultimately beneficial project. 

Next, David Dunning) explains how—contrary to popular belief—we are all at the mercy of the Dunning-Kruger effect from time to time, and that we should be more humble in recognizing what we don’t know about what we don’t know.

David Dunning is the Ann and Charles R. Walgreen, Jr., Professor of the Study of Human Understanding at the University of Michigan. The paper "Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments)," co-authored with Justin Kruger), led to the bias being named The Dunning-Kruger effect. 

 

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