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cover of episode #129 Marc Andreessen: Interview with an Icon

#129 Marc Andreessen: Interview with an Icon

2022/1/25
logo of podcast The Knowledge Project with Shane Parrish

The Knowledge Project with Shane Parrish

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Marc Andreessen
联合创始人和风险投资家,专注于人工智能和技术领域的投资。
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Marc Andreessen: 顶级风险投资家们都有一个共同点,他们都错过了他们那一代的大部分好机会。风险投资行业本质上就是追求偶然事件,不必追求100%的成功率。他目前痴迷于新兴技术及其对各行各业和世界的影响,以及对世界运作方式的重新思考。他研究历史来理解社会和技术如何变化,以及哪些看似新颖的事物实际上是旧模式的重现。通过阅读历史,他发现许多看似独特的社会和技术变化实际上是人类社会中普遍存在的模式。社会对新技术的反应模式在历史上是反复出现的,人们对新技术的担忧,例如技术对儿童的影响,在历史上也是反复出现的。关于技术对社会影响的研究文献十分丰富,其中包括对历史模式的探讨。他推荐了Elting E. Morison的《Men, Machines, and Modernity》一书,该书探讨了社会对新技术的接受过程,并提出社会对新技术的反应分为三个阶段:忽视、理性反驳和辱骂。Morison认为,技术变革实际上是社会变革,会导致权力和地位结构的重新排序。权力和地位的争夺是社会变革的核心驱动力。技术人员常常低估了新技术对既有权力结构的威胁。技术变革的核心是等级制度与网络之间的对抗,他同意尼尔·弗格森《广场与塔》一书的前三分之二内容,但对后三分之一持相反意见。互联网的核心是点对点网络,这与西方的等级制度构成了根本性的冲突。互联网既可以用来巩固自上而下的权力,也可以用来颠覆它。互联网是传统政治运动和颠覆性运动的双刃剑。与移动应用不同,互联网一直保持着开放和去中心化的特性。他乐观地认为,开放的信息获取使得像苏联那样的极权主义制度在互联网时代难以存在,他认为,开放的信息获取最终会削弱极权统治。他认为,成功的公司也会变成既得利益者,并试图阻止创新。成功的创业公司大约五年后就会变成新的既得利益者,这是合理的。彼得·蒂尔认为谷歌已经不再是一家科技公司,而是一家反科技公司,谷歌利用其在搜索领域的垄断地位来阻止新技术的出现,谷歌变得越来越专制和压制言论。成为既得利益者后,公司会从进攻模式转向防御模式。对未来最悲观的预测是,技术会被用来压制言论自由。最悲观的预测之一是,技术会被用于建立一个类似于《1984》中描绘的极权主义政权。马丁·古里在《公众的叛乱》一书中认为,互联网擅长破坏等级制度,但不擅长建立治理体系,古里认为,互联网可能无法建立有效的治理体系,导致社会陷入虚无主义,古里的悲观预测是,点对点网络擅长破坏,但不擅长建设。另一个悲观预测是,如果等级制度被推翻,则无法保证会有更有生产力的东西取而代之。

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Top venture capitalists often miss most of the great deals of their generation, highlighting the probabilistic nature of venture investing.

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Silicon Valley icon Marc Andreessen explores investing, decision making, and the art of solving unsolvable problems.    In this discussion, Andreessen reveals why the Internet has become the conduit for some people to disrupt traditional power structures and for others to enforce them, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the future of the Internet, assessing judgment, and the book he turns to for insight.    Andreessen is a co-founder and general partner at the venture-capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, and has invested in companies such as Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter and Skype, among others. He co-created the highly influential Mosaic internet browser and co-founded Netscape, and has been named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time.   The books recommended by Marc Andreessen in this episode are: 

  • The WEIRDest People in the World), by Joseph Henrich

  • The Machiavellians: Defenders of Freedom), by James Burnham

  • The Revolt of The Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium), by Martin Gurri

  • The Ancient City), by Numa Denis Fustel De Coulanges 

    -- Want even more? Members get early access, hand-edited transcripts, member-only episodes, and so much more. Learn more here: https://fs.blog/membership/) Every Sunday our Brain Food newsletter shares timeless insights and ideas that you can use at work and home. Add it to your inbox: https://fs.blog/newsletter/) Follow Shane on Twitter at: https://twitter.com/ShaneAParrish)