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cover of episode #180 TKP Insights: Learning and Thinking

#180 TKP Insights: Learning and Thinking

2023/11/7
logo of podcast The Knowledge Project with Shane Parrish

The Knowledge Project with Shane Parrish
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Daniel Kahneman: 环境因素（如噪音、温度）会影响思考质量，但影响程度因人而异。清晰的思考受到既有观念和情绪的影响，我们往往相信某些观点并非基于理性思考，而是基于对某些人的信任。提升决策质量的方法包括放慢速度，使用算法，将问题分解成维度分别评估，最后再进行直觉判断。 Barbara Oakley: 专注模式和发散模式是学习的关键。番茄工作法有助于克服拖延症，专注一段时间后，进行放松活动（如运动）以促进发散模式下的知识巩固。记忆是学习的组成部分，积极的记忆方式（如理解性记忆）有助于更深入地理解材料，死记硬背并非一无是处。 Adam Robinson: 伟大的洞见往往是自发产生的，而非逻辑推导的结果。学习的关键在于练习，将领域分解成子技能，然后练习每个技能。阅读笔记是浪费时间，应该练习在测试中需要做的技能，并尝试在非最佳条件下练习。 Tyler Cowen: 培养良好判断力的方法是结合导师的指导和大量的在线实验（如阅读维基百科、使用谷歌、听播客等），并学会接受反馈，保持内部动力。阅读习惯会随着年龄增长而改变，年轻时阅读能带来世界观剧变的书籍，年长后则更注重获取特定信息和文化理解。我们应该对自己的观点保持谦逊，学会判断信息来源的质量，并尝试从不同意见中学习。 Adam Grant: 人们的思维模式可以分为布道者、检察官和政客三种，而科学家模式更能促进思维的灵活性和观点的改变。我们应该将自己的观点视为理论或假设，并通过实验来验证其真伪。在面对危机时，我们往往被那些自信的人吸引，但自信并不等于能力。

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Daniel Kahneman discusses the impact of physical environment on clear thinking and decision-making, highlighting the importance of creating a conducive environment and the challenges of independent clear thinking.

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In the fifth installment in a series of episodes, The Knowledge Project curates essential segments from five guests revolving around one theme: learning and thinking. This episode will help you create an environment that’s more conducive to clear thinking, improve your intuition, learn the difference between the two main modes of thinking, examine the learning process,  use “online experimentation” to develop good judgment, and eliminate blind spots in your thought processes. The guests on this episode are psychologist and economist Daniel Kahneman (Episode 68), engineering professor Barbara Oakley (Episode 31), author and global macro advisor Adam Robinson (Episodes 47 and 48), economist and professor Tyler Cowen (Episode 39), and author and organizational psychology professor Adam Grant (Episode 112). --

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