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cover of episode #33 Dan Ariely: The Truth About Lies

#33 Dan Ariely: The Truth About Lies

2018/5/25
logo of podcast The Knowledge Project with Shane Parrish

The Knowledge Project with Shane Parrish

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Dan Ariely 认为决策可分为三类:小决策、大决策和习惯性决策。小决策容易受偏差影响,难以避免;大决策和习惯性决策可以通过了解决策机制和偏差来改进。他建议人们可以重新设计自己的环境,例如重新整理冰箱,使用预付卡等,来促进健康和理性的行为。此外,他还强调了了解自身工作效率的规律,并据此安排工作的重要性。在体重管理方面,Ariely 提出了一种新型的浴室秤设计,通过去除显示屏和提供基于长期平均值的反馈来帮助人们更好地控制体重。他认为,人们对自身行为缺乏洞察力,往往会为自己的行为编造合理的解释,掩盖了环境因素的影响。 Dan Ariely 将行为经济学与标准经济学进行了对比,指出行为经济学不假设人们完全理性,而是通过观察人们在不同情境下的行为来研究决策过程,并据此提出更切合实际的政策建议。他探讨了行为经济学研究结果的可复制性问题,认为一些基本的行为模式在不同文化中都存在,而一些更复杂的行为则受到文化的影响。在诚实度方面,Ariely 的研究表明,人们的不诚实程度取决于在获得利益和维护自身形象之间的平衡。他认为,人们难以承认自己或他人存在不诚实行为,部分原因在于这会触及个人自尊心,并被视为一种负面的人格特质。在招聘过程中,人们更倾向于雇佣为了公司利益而采取不诚实行为的员工,这可能导致公司内部形成不诚实的文化。Ariely 建议人们要持续努力提高诚实度,并从旁观者的角度看待问题,考虑长期和更广泛的影响,以避免受自身偏见的影响。

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Dan Ariely discusses how understanding biases can help in making better decisions, categorizing decisions into small, big, and habitual, and the importance of environment in decision-making.

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On this episode of the Knowledge Project, I’m joined by the fascinating Dan Ariely. Dan just about does it all. He has delivered 6 TED talks with a combined 20 million views, he’s a multiple New York Times best-selling author, a widely published researcher, and the James B Duke Professor of Psychology and Behavioral Economics at Duke University.

For the better part of three decades, Dan has been immersed in researching why humans do some of the silly, irrational things we do. And yes, as much as we’d all like to be exempt, that includes you too.

In this captivating interview, we tackle a lot of interesting topics, including:

The three types of decisions that control our life and how understanding our biases can help us make smarter decisions How our environment plays a big role in our decision making and the small changes we can make to automatically improve our outcomes The “behavioural driven” bathroom scale Dan has been working on to revolutionize weight loss Which of our irrational behaviors transfer across cultures and which ones are unique to certain parts of the world (for example, find out which country is the most honest) The dishonesty spectrum and why we as humans insist on flirting with the line between “honest” and “dishonest” 3 sneaky mental tricks Dan uses to avoid making ego-driven decisions “Pluralistic ignorance” and how it dangerously affects our actions and inactions (As a bonus, Dan shares the hilarious way he demonstrates this concept to his students on their first day of class) The rule Dan created specifically for people with spinach in their teeth The difference between habits, rules, and rituals, and why they are critical to shaping us into who we want to be

This was a riveting discussion and one that easily could have gone for hours. If you’ve ever wondered how you’d respond in any of these eye-opening experiments, you have to listen to this interview. If you’re anything like me, you’ll learn something new about yourself, whether you want to or not.  


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