Hello and welcome to Being Well. I'm Forrest Hansen. If you're new to the podcast, thanks for joining us today. And if you've listened before, welcome back.
Over the past decade, there's been a growing movement of people reexamining their childhoods, and particularly their relationship with their parents. There's been an explosion of content about inner child healing, emotional neglect, and generational trauma. We've certainly contributed some to that. And a greater willingness to ask what are often very emotionally complicated questions. What kind of inheritance did I receive from my parents? How has it shaped who I am today?
and what patterns have I brought into my adult relationships that I'd like to change? The work of today's guest has been a major influence on those conversations, and I'm very excited to welcome Dr. Lindsay Gibson back to the show. Dr. Gibson is a clinical psychologist and the author of the Emotional Immaturity series, including her bestseller, Adult Children of Emotionally Immature Parents. So, Lindsay, thanks for joining me again. How are you doing? Oh, I'm doing great. It's wonderful to be back. Thank you for having me.
I was so happy to. I loved talking with you last time. That conversation kind of blew up. That's one of the bigger ones that we've done, actually, and I've been really looking forward to this one. So for the first part of this, I'm not going to assume that people heard our first conversation. We'll kind of set the stage a little bit.
And from there, we'll go into some stuff that we didn't have the time to cover last time. So I'd love to start with how do you define emotional immaturity? What are some of its key characteristics? One of the things that I really stress is that emotional maturity is just one line of development. And we have our intellectual development, we have our social development,
And people can be very well-developed in those areas. They can be very popular. They can be very intelligent. But when it comes to managing their emotions and managing their relationships or even being able to relate to others in a connected way, that's where the emotional immaturity part comes in. I would say the hallmark characteristic would be egocentrism, self-centeredness.
The emotionally immature person tends to interpret everything through the lens of what it means for them. All roads lead to me. So anything that happens is interpreted in terms of how it's affecting me.
Just like a little three or four-year-old. Yeah, not dissimilar to a young kid, totally. If you have children, you know what this is like. And it has to be that way for little kids, you know. But there's something in emotionally immature people that has not progressed to the point where they can have full empathy for other people or even...
Imagine what that other person's viewpoint is like. They're not able to really stand in their shoes and look at life from their perspective. They have low empathy. It's not that they don't have any empathy. I mean, I'm not calling them psychopaths.
Sure. This is not necessarily an antisocial thing. Yeah. Yeah. Even antisocial personality disorder, they have empathy that they use maybe in a self-serving way. Yeah, deliberately. Yeah. But lots of times people think, well, because my...
My boyfriend, my wife showed empathy when I was going through a hard time. They couldn't be emotionally immature. But it's not that they don't have any. It's that it's very low and it's compromised by that boomerang effect of everything very quickly comes back to being about them.
The way I think about emotional immaturity is on a continuum that a person is not 100% emotionally immature or 100% mature. For instance, you can have a person who is basically pretty emotionally mature or sufficiently emotionally mature, but if they're sick or if they're fatigued or if they're stressed, you
You can have people sort of slide across the continuum toward the more immature kinds of behaviors and reactions just because that's what happens to us when our consciousness is altered by some kind of bodily state.
drains our resources. And conversely, the more emotionally immature person, if they are feeling good and there's something that they really want, they are likewise capable of moving in the other direction toward looking more mature because they stretch.
So you can't necessarily take a piece of behavior and extrapolate from that that, oh, this person must be really emotionally immature because they lost their temper or they must be very mature because they showed empathy for me. It's not like that. You have to see a person's behavior over time to kind of get a fix on where they hang out.
Another thing I wanted to mention is that for the emotionally immature person, reality is really pretty optional. Meaning that if I'm an emotionally immature person, I'm going to interpret life through the lens of how it makes me feel. So if you say to me, and I'm an emotionally immature parent, mom, I don't want you stopping by without calling first.
okay, to me, that feels like I've been slapped. That feels like I'm not loved. And so I might say something like, oh, well, I must just be the worst mother ever if I can't stop by to see my own daughter. Yeah. Okay. Which makes you crazy because that's not at all what you said, and that's not at all what you meant. But because of the egocentrism and because of that
that emotional way of interpreting reality. What I feel is what I know to be true. And then lastly, I would just mention that one of the biggest problems with emotional immaturity is the difficulty that they have in reflecting on their own behavior. So everything tends to be somebody else's fault. They externalize blame.
They have a million ways of coming up with reasons why something was due to something else other than their own behavior, which makes it really hard for them to change. And that can be a problem in relationships.
Yeah. And also one of the things I really remember from our first conversation that stuck with me is the feeling of inconsistency associated with this. Oh, yes. Thank you. There's a lot of research that for kids, one of the toughest things to be subjected to is inconsistent parenting. Sometimes your parent is emotional and attuned and really present for you.
And sometimes they are just absolutely not. And it's kind of that combination of variable empathy and then the effect of realism that you were talking about, if I feel a certain way, it must be true, creates this environment where you just kind of feel like you're standing on unsteady ground all the time. And I really remember that piece of it. Yeah, thank you for reminding me of that. That is a really good description of the experience of the child.
So for somebody who is trying to figure out for themselves, they're going through this process that I was talking about in the intro of creating a coherent narrative or revisiting their childhood experiences. How do you think that a person can tell, okay, I had parents who had some emotional maturity issues versus...
my parents were really okay. They were imperfect, as all people are, but they were fundamentally okay. It was just that the environment was kind of crazy and chaotic or whatever else was going on. What are some of the things that you could really point to and say, hey, if this is present or not present, that's a really good indicator? Yeah, that's a really great question because let's say those parents...
are so preoccupied with getting a meal on the table or finding a home to live in. There's just a lot going on in the field, yeah. Yeah, I mean, there are many reasons why parents could be inconsistent or in a bad mood or stressed out, okay?
All of that can have a lot of basis in environmental circumstances, all right? But let's look at the things that a person could think about in terms of that parent's actual emotional maturity level. Like if the parent had half a chance, do they have the potential? Are they emotionally mature enough to
to form a good connection with the child and make the child feel emotionally secure. You know, maybe there's financial insecurity, food insecurity, whatever.
But does the child feel that they've got a good connection with their parent? And that's going to depend on that egocentrism part. Is the parent able to take the point of view of the child and focus on that long enough to show real interest in the child?
The second thing that I think would be a very important marker would be, is the parent willing to reflect on their behavior and their impact?
on that child's emotions and maybe come back and apologize to the child or ask the child some more questions, let the child know that they're sorry that they were so tired they couldn't talk last night or apologize for yelling at them. These are classic modalities of relationship repair. So it's not that you never do anything wrong.
if you're adequately emotionally mature. It's that you have enough feeling for other people and enough objectivity, you know, that you can go back in and try to make things better. And children are, you know, so insightful about when a parent's heart is in the right place and when it matters to the parent how that child feels.
The denial and minimalization parts of it I think are great things to point to. I think another thing that I've heard you say somewhere else, I forget what I was watching at the time, but you said something about if the parent is willing to say, "Hey, tell me more about that," that's an incredible indicator kind of right there. Absolutely. If you're just interested in the experience as a baseline of your kid's experience separate from your own as their own individual being,
Yes. Really good indicator right there. Yeah, it really is because it's a capacity. Yeah. It's a capacity. And if you don't have it, you won't say things like that. How aware do you think kids are in the moment, like the experience of a seven-year-old, a 12-year-old, that their parent does or doesn't have that kind of a capacity?
I think they probably notice it instantly. You know, little children up until, you know, maybe they really get going in school, six or seven,
They are mostly in their right brains, the part that processes all the nonverbal, kind of non-logical ways of perceiving and thinking about the world. So they hang out in the very parts of the brain that people have access
to decipher other people's intentions through facial expression, tonality, body posture. That's where children are in early life. And they, you know, we've all been surprised, I think, by a child who out of the blue says something that is so true and so observant, you know, something that maybe an adult would never say.
or never make an observation about. And you're just sort of stunned that, you know, they are that deeply insightful about what just happened. But I think kids are, I think they notice it when there's any, you know, like they talk in Star Wars about the disturbance in the force, right? So if there's a disturbance in the connection, right?
We all feel it. But if we as adults feel it like that, imagine how much more intense that is for a child who is completely dependent on that parent's interest for survival. What are some of the consequences of this for somebody? What comes out of those early experiences of...
not having somebody who is so emotionally available or interested or empathic or connected, any of the things that we've talked about so far? The first one that comes to my mind is emotional loneliness. When I was writing the book, this is a common writing
for anybody who does this. But it's like, how do I start this thing? What do I begin with? What's the... Oh, I've lived that life, Lindsay. I got to tell you. So many pieces where I'm like, I know what I want to write about, but I have no idea where to start. I know. And everything you try to write sounds so artificial. The first five pages are the worst. Exactly. So you just get rid of those and start down the road when it... Yeah.
Yeah.
How do I speak to them about a real experience that they're having as a result of this? So emotional loneliness means that you're having trouble having a feeling of being seen, being connected with, and being secure in the attention of your parent or the loved one.
Children need to feel that somebody's got their eye on them. Somebody's watching out for them. We don't think about that a lot, but if you think back in your own childhood, at least I know I can certainly do this and other people have told me this as well. You can think of times when you felt very concerned because you didn't feel like somebody was watching out for you or you felt like you were in a situation where
there wasn't adequate attention being paid to you. And it's a very distinct feeling of loneliness and of not being seen. And of course, if we think back to early survival, the human species, what happens to a little person who's not being watched over by their parent or not very connected to an adult? It's a bad thing.
So they really feel it. So that emotional loneliness would be one of the biggest things. Yeah. I also think that the piece of this that's about conforming to the parental expectations or the parental view, a lot of people who come from dysfunctional family systems are really good at figuring out how to bid for what they need from the people who are around them, particularly this more emotionally immature parent.
where the child learns how to approach the parent at the right time, the right body posture, the right tone of voice in order to get what they need, which is that more nurturant response. And you write about this really beautifully when you talk about the construction of a role self. And I just remember reading that part of it and having it really land and how I thought about this.
Yeah, the role self is absolutely essential for the child's emotional well-being. When you're a little kid, you need to know what is the way into your parents' validation, into your parents' attention, and into making the parent turn their energy toward you in an interested way. I mean, that's job number one. So...
Yeah, it's very important to that child that they keep themselves interesting to the parent. Also, you know, for emotionally immature parents, they have to be kind of emotionally nurtured and held by the child's attention, which sounds really upside down, and it is. But that's because of the level that they're operating on in terms of their own emotional needs, which have probably been unmet.
And so the parent expects the child, like they expect everybody, to help them manage their emotions, soothe them, make them feel better, and also buff up their self-esteem, you know, make them feel like they're important, make them feel like they're okay. And that insistence on the parent's part of being kind of taken care of
is what I call the emotionally immature relationship system, that you are responsible for my emotional regulation and you're responsible for me feeling good about myself. So if you're a child, you know that you have a very big job to do and that it's not going to go well for you or anybody in the rest of the family if you decide just to be yourself and do whatever it is that you feel like doing in the moment.
Because the repercussions are going to be so severe if you have a parent that depends on the child for that kind of stability and support. We'll be right back to the show in just a moment. Creating a truly great retail experience is hard work, especially if you're juggling in-person storefronts, online sales, staff, shipping, inventory, the whole deal. It can get complicated fast. But with Shopify's point of sale system, it doesn't have to.
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They're taking a look back through history and they're going, "Yesh, yellow flag, yellow flag, red flag, yellow flag." And they're thinking for themselves about some of the behavioral patterns that they might have had that might come out of this. And you can think of different things that could make sense. Somebody who has more of a people-pleasing tendency could possibly come out of this.
You talk about internalizers and externalizers as part of your work, people who tend to look to themselves to solve all of their problems versus people who tend to become more depending on the problem solving of other people. So somebody's looking at all of this and they're going, yeah, okay, sounds about right for me. Is there a kind of process that you've seen people go through in your work with them where they start to find and reclaim more of an authentic sense of who they are?
And how does that work for somebody? Like, what's the normal arc to that work? Oh, such a good question because it's such a beautiful process in therapy. It can be an arduous process for the therapist anyway because the therapist is asking, how did you feel about that? What was that like for you? What was going on for you in your body? Where do you feel that in your body? And the client is saying,
I don't know. I feel it in my head, I guess. Or they'll tell you what they think instead of what they feel. They're really, by the time they come to your office, lots of times these adult children are so, have been trained to be so out of touch with their own feelings.
And the way that things are affecting them in order to provide this support to the parent, they really kind of don't know what you're talking about. And they really do hear when you say, how did that make you feel? They say, well, I thought that, you know, or it made me start thinking that it's like, well, wait a minute, let's go back to how you felt. Right.
And lots of times you get a deer in the headlight look. Yeah. One of the most common questions that we get on the podcast is we'll say something like,
okay, a great tool here is to connect with your values or some act stuff, for example. You connect your values, you let your actions flow from what your values are, from your sense of what the authentic self is inside. And one of the most common questions we get is like, but I look inside and I have a tough time seeing anything. What do you mean by authentic self? Absolutely, because the self is built
and comes online and is supported by your interpersonal relationships. So if you have a very self-absorbed, self-preoccupied parent who doesn't really have a lot of interest in the internal world of that child, their world of feelings or even reactions, then you're going to have difficulties
difficulty getting to know yourself, especially your emotions, especially your emotional self.
Because you have to learn about emotions through somebody older and wiser than you telling you that this sensation that you're having right this second is called anger, or it's called love, or it's called impatience, or irritability, whatever it is. We just feel, I think somebody once said there are like four sensations that we feel, and the
combination and intensity of those physical sensations, we put these labels on like they're real things. Okay, but they're not. They're just states that we've identified and we teach our children, hopefully, to be able to identify them in themselves so that if I ask you, how did that make you feel? They feel the sensations and they say, oh, I was really angry. No, that really took me off.
Because they read the stomach clench, they feel their jaw, they feel the tension, they feel hot, you know, and they know that is called anger. But when you have a parent who can't do that kind of mirroring and certainly isn't interested in doing the kind of, you know, intricate parsing of the difference between irritability and anger and rage, say, then it's
There's a blank there. They really kind of don't know what you're talking about. Now, I don't mean to make them sound like robots, you know, because plenty of people have ongoing relationships and do just fine without being able to have a real discussion about their internal experience.
We might say that the American culture is kind of geared that way because everything is emphasized for the externals, you know, like the excitement or the thing that you do or the activity or how you look. Very external world we live in. So when a person begins that process of reconnecting with their feelings and their intuitions, they often feel very awkward, right?
I've asked people, you know, well, can you give me an image of what that, of what you felt like? Like, is there a metaphor that you could help me understand your, your experience? And they say, I don't, I don't do that imagery stuff. I'm no good at it. I've tried it. I'm no good at it. It's like, yes, you are because you have a right hemisphere like I do. Yeah.
There's no way that you're not an image maker because you dream every night, you know, and you think about the future in terms of images. No way that you don't have that. But they say they don't have it because they mean they don't use it. And they've been discouraged from using it because it makes them more individual. It makes them harder to manage as a child. And so they've learned to tune their own self out.
And our job as therapists is to help them come back in and discover what's really going on inside them. And it's such a beautiful thing for us to have people grow and be able to communicate vividly in imagery so that I and other people can catch their feeling and know what is going on inside them. And the release of energy and
and spontaneity that that brings just opens you up for better and better relationships because you allow yourself to be known really by the other person. There are so many ways that I could take this here and I have so much curiosity. There's like so much I want to ask you about it. I think maybe a place to start here would be trying to get kind of pragmatic about this and to give you sort of a practical example. So let's think about this like a real person. This is a real person
who has a hard time opening up and accessing particularly some of these more intense emotional experiences that you're describing. Probably particularly intense feelings of anger and frustration on the one hand, and intense feelings of sadness and vulnerability on the other hand. Those are often the two poles that are kind of like shunted off for a person.
They tend to take a lot of responsibility and kind of blame themselves for what happens, maybe in some ways having internalized that from their parent.
They're probably pretty sensitive and pretty perceptive about what's going on in other people. But for whatever reason, that function like looking at themselves is sort of shut down a little bit. Maybe they don't have the same granularity. They've been really monitoring the external figure for a long time, but they haven't necessarily learned how to monitor their own internal world. That's beautifully put. Oh, thank you. And so this person walks into your office. You're working through a process with them. Where do you start? Where do you want to go? Well,
Well, you know, they've come into the office for a reason. Yeah. And 99.9% of the time, it's got some emotion associated with it. I mean, we don't come to a therapist's office until we're bothered by something. So that's, you know, a very logical and easy place to start is...
Start talking about what the problem is or what's been going on and then ask questions about how that felt or what was the hardest part about that or what is the thing that they would do differently if they could go back? What do they wish that the other person would have done differently? What do they want most from the relationship? I mean, we start to ask these questions that have to be answered from the inner world.
And that begins to turn the person. It's almost like you have a person facing one way and you're taking them by the shoulders and sort of, you know, turning them to look another way. And they're sort of saying, well, there's nothing over there. So we don't have to worry about that because there's nothing over there. I just need to know what to do. Like you won't know what to do until you know what you feel.
And you have that internal guidance that you can trust. So we're trying to introduce them to the idea that their inner world is precious. It is trying to guide them toward an emotionally fuller and more satisfying life. And that this is an awkward period in skill building. If you haven't done this before, it feels...
It feels uncomfortable. And it isn't immediately apparent what good this is going to do for me to be in touch with my feelings. I do think that's one of the things that kind of comes up for people is like, well, why would I want to feel that? Yeah, exactly. That anger doesn't feel good. That sadness doesn't feel good. That frustration doesn't feel good. I'm pretty well managed right now. What's kind of the upside for me here? Yeah, the upside is reconnection with yourself and knowing yourself. Self-knowledge is what's
is one of the first things that gets undermined by an emotionally immature relationship system. The other person will actively tell you in so many words, it's not worth spending any time on understanding how you feel or what you want or why.
That's just so much noise in the machine. We ought to be doing something. We ought to be deciding something. We ought to be moving toward. We ought to be getting. And they convinced some of their relationship partners and children that it's not worthwhile to try to go inside and understand how it is that we feel. What I try to bring home to people is that
that if you don't know yourself, especially your emotional self and what your emotional needs are, you will have trouble with self-confidence, you'll have trouble with decision-making, and you're probably going to have trouble with having a sense of belonging.
Because they seem unrelated on the surface, but self-knowledge and self-awareness underlies those three things in a very big way. And once a person gets a taste of how that self-knowledge leads to a sense of security and confidence and a feeling of finding the people that they belong with,
then it all makes sense to them, but it doesn't at first. Do you think that if somebody hasn't necessarily done that work up to a point for whatever reason, most of which are totally understandable, including that it's hard, it's long, it could be a real pain in the ass in a bunch of different ways, do you think that they're more prone to
to landing in adult relationships with people who tend to be a little bit more emotionally immature? I think so, yeah. There are a couple of other things too. It's that people who are emotionally immature have a lot of qualities that the adult child of these kinds of parents is attracted to. It's sort of like catnip to them.
Like here you've got somebody who seems to know themselves very well, knows exactly what they want, has no problem with decision making, knows that they're right about everything, blows off considerations and worries that a lot of people have.
you know, apparently live life with zest, you know, which is another way of saying sometimes being impulsive and ill-considered. But that's really attractive to somebody who has had to live their life, you know, very carefully through a role cell. It's a breath of fresh air. The other thing that appeals to them is that the emotionally immature person
the potential partner, oftentimes will go through a period of lackluster
latching on in a very intense way, oftentimes maybe a little too quickly, maybe a little too intensely, that might be a red flag to somebody who didn't have some of these vulnerabilities. But to the adult child or the emotionally immature person, it's like, this is what I've been looking for all my life. You know, somebody that's interested in me, somebody that wants to get very close to me.
And of course, people who have strong narcissistic qualities will move in with that love bombing thing or that idealization of the adult child. This feels like a repair to their soul to get that kind of attention from somebody. It makes them very vulnerable to that. And because a lot of the internalizing adult children are overly ready to
to over-identify with the other person's point of view and also to take the blame for things because they like to take stuff in and process it and wonder about whether or not they did something. And that is like a perfect fit for the externalizing, emotionally immature person because they're happy to tell them what they did wrong and how they're lacking by not making their life better.
So it's unfortunately, yes, it really does sort of create these fast apparent connections between people that over time really become very, very difficult. Yeah. Is this something we're just being aware of it?
is enough or does somebody need to do more of a process around it to not get so sucked into those relationships? Yeah, well, I mean, it depends on a lot of things. I mean, think of the things that make people attractive as partners in our culture. Now, a lot of those things such as appearance, income, social skills, these are things that people can become very highly developed in.
We're attracted to certain things and we will continue as long as the human race exists, probably to be attracted to those things. It's just that it's the best argument for dating a long time that I've ever thought of, which is that person may be stretching.
And you won't know that until two things happen. One is you've been through a stressful time with them. You've seen how they react to real stress, really not getting what they want or really being up against a big problem. That's one thing. And the other one is you won't know what they're really like in the realm of emotional intimacy until you've been together long enough to
to see if they can be available to you in your emotional need. Okay. Because, I mean, all of us are so well fed in the early part of a relationship just from the thrill of being with this new person. Including just in terms of like neurotransmitter function and serotonin, dopamine, it's all going crazy. Absolutely. Yeah, for sure. Our tanks are full. Yeah.
So it's only after time has depleted some of that that you begin to see the underlying function. So that's why I think it's not just you're trying to gather information about somebody over time, because I think you can actually gather a lot of information about people in a short amount of time if you know what you're looking for. But it's that you want to live through
enough experiences with the person that you found that your initial hypothesis. This is reminding me a little bit of some of what we talked about last time when we talked about healing fantasies and letting go of the feeling that a person can have where if they were just able to find the right person, if they were just able to be a little bit different inside of themselves,
they would be able to finally get the experience that they're really longing for, which I think for many people who come from these kinds of backgrounds is that feeling, to use an imperfect word, like slightly more narcissistic partner, love bombing and so on. They're giving you kind of a facsimile of the experience that you're really longing for inside. So there's a part of you that's kind of very vulnerable to receiving what feels like all of that authentic interest.
And love because you've got this dream inside of you of getting there. And you write a lot about releasing that healing fantasy. Yes. I mean, the healing fantasy is the basis of hope for children with emotionally immature parents or any kind of parent that is really not able to give that child what they need.
So, without that hope, the child, I think it would affect their development. It would affect their willingness to keep engaging in the world. And that's when you get the really tragic circumstance of childhood depression, which used to be, you know, practically unheard of. And now we're beginning to see it younger and younger.
But it is a feeling that, you know, that the person has to feel like they are worth the love and the interest of that other person.
And if you can't get it for real or you can't get it easily, if you have a fantasy that one day you will get it or remember that time last year at the beach when you got it, that's all you need is just a little glimmer of hope to keep that alive, you know, to keep that good spirit alive and not get depressed.
What do you think helps people let go of that over time? Well, it's like that old behavioral thing about intermittent reinforcement, meaning that if you get rewarded every once in a while with no predictable pattern, that forms some of the most powerful links.
between behaviors, between stimulus and response of anything. Yeah, we're back to that inconsistency. Yeah. Yes. So the inconsistency and the fact that sometimes I get some empathy, sometimes I see a warm look
you know, in my mother's eyes, that proves that it's there, that there's the hope of it there. And if there's a little bit of it there, you know, there's a spark, we could feed it and it could become a warming fire. The problem is that because of their defensiveness, and by that I mean real psychological defensiveness, meaning that that parent won't open up
to engage deeply enough at an emotional level because they can't. It's too scary to them.
And so the child learns that once in a while I can get them to connect with me and I'm going to keep trying. And even when the parent doesn't respond for a long time, if they just give them a kind look or pat them on the back, I mean, that's all you need to start it up all over again. Yeah. So with healing fantasies, I tend to be very
understanding of them. I'm not pressing the person to get rid of that, you know, because if they get rid of the healing fantasy, they'll do okay. All I want to do is I want to help them get in touch with their feelings. That's all you got to do. Because if you feel it genuinely enough, when someone treats you badly,
That's really all you need because it's like training the person to take in their own signals and believe in them and in a way suffer them. That's what over time tends to diminish the healing fantasy.
Because that hopeful idea or, you know, continuing investment that one day, you know, they'll see me, they'll listen to me. If you start tuning into what it feels like to be not listened to, not seen, not connected with, over a little bit of time, that will become really noxious to you.
It won't really matter as much about the healing fantasy because you will be impressed or affected by the other person's behavior in a way that will make you step back a bit and look at what's really going on. Is that maybe then one of the answers to the question, when should I take some distance from people? When you need the space to start to separate out from some of those healing fantasies or
more to create enough room for you to start exploring who you are separate from who these other people are? That's a great way to put it. That is a great way to put it. I think a lot of times that is what people need. Anybody needs space to process something big. We just can't be available for...
everything that life throws at us or social things or activities, whatever, when we're processing something big. So we just have to keep in mind that processing is necessary. And if the other person is not able to
tolerate any change in your behavior or they're not able to respect your wishes for space or your boundaries or whatever, then sometimes people will decide that they need to take a break.
from contact with that person. I'm not talking about full-on estrangement here. I think it gives the person the time and the grace period to check out how it feels to be able to process their own material without somebody else telling them what they ought to be thinking and feeling.
Yeah, well, as you are extremely aware, there has been a huge conversation about estrangement and boundary setting with parents and how much space is the right amount of space and all of that going on these days. And I was really interested in talking with you about that a little bit more during this conversation because we didn't really quite get to it last time. If you're just talking with a friend or somebody you know kind of peripherally, and it comes up that you have more distance from your family,
A message that you will often receive is some version of, well, can you just have more compassion for them? Because if you had more compassion, you wouldn't need to have such a strong boundary. It's kind of the implicit communication in there, right? Just appreciate that they were doing the best that they could, see things from their perspective. They really loved you, even if they were kind of imperfect. I'm sure that you have had clients come in telling you about all these messages. And then often, people say those things to themselves too. I was just going to say. Mm-hmm.
So that message is landing on kind of very vulnerable ground for people when they hear it from the outside. For starters, I'm just wondering what you think about all of this having been so in this territory. And also, if you're talking to somebody who came into the office and they're getting that message from people, how do you have a conversation about it? Yeah, well, again, I'm always going to bring it back to how they're feeling. That's like the original data that we want to be processing.
Yes, other people think it's a good idea for them to have more and more compassion or to tell a narrative to themselves about their parents that aligns with the societal ideal. So yes, we will hear those kinds of things. But if you bring it back to, yes, but how did it feel to you last night when you were over there for dinner?
and this thing happened with your dad or your mom, what was that like for you? And how do you feel now about that? And what do you want to do? And the person oftentimes has, that's a lot for them to process up front. And when I say, what would you like to do? I'm not hinting at, wouldn't you like to estrange yourself from your parents? I would never, never say that. Yeah.
For many reasons, but among them, because it's a decision that that person has to come to. And they will come to it if they have enough, I call it like specific...
interpersonal, emotional injury from a person. They experience enough of that. They will want some distance once they start feeling their feelings because it hurts. I'm not interested in jumping the gun to, well, maybe you shouldn't see so much of them because I'm
then I would be directing them according to what I think. My job as a therapist is to get you to know what you think, really, and what you feel. So we explore that. The only time that I have explicitly explored with clients whether or not the relationship is good for them is when they are actively showing emotional or physical harm, helplessness,
health reasons as a result of the stress of that relationship. And I've had just a handful of people over the years that I had one woman, she would come in my office, she would just go like this, like, I can't talk, I can't deal. She would curl up on my sofa in a little ball. She couldn't even speak. She was so overwhelmed with the way that her father was
really commanding her life and using up her energies and his kind of insistence that she make him the center of her world. Now, in situations like that, I'm going to raise the question of what do you think it's doing to you? What's been your experience in this relationship? And do you think that you might need to create a little bit of space
So that you can get your health back or you can, you know, refill your energy reserves. But the idea that therapists are out there, like encouraging people to leave their parents or estrange themselves from their parents.
I don't know if there are people out there doing that or not. I haven't taken a poll. But I do know that I think a responsible therapist would be trying to help that adult come to a decision on their own based on their own experience. Check me on this, Lindsay. It's just something I've been thinking about, and you're just so much more in the weeds of this than I am. But I've always found the sort of argument that
just have this emotional experience that would be helpful. A kind of silly argument. Of course, if you could flip a switch and activate an authentic feeling of love or compassion or anger and frustration, as might be appropriate and helpful for a person, like we were talking about earlier, if you could flip a switch and feel all the sadness, like, wow, yeah, that would be really great. That would be really helpful. But that's not how people work. That's not how our brains are. And
trying to force compassion out of a feeling of obligation. I just don't think it's how it works, bottom line. And so that's the piece of it that I've always kind of raised my eyebrows at. As caring people or people who are interested in having relationships with other people, compassion is, you know...
Great thing to have. Yeah. I mean, it's, where would we be without it? Love some compassion. Totally. Yeah, really. So there's no question about that. But what happens with emotionally immature people is that they kind of often commandeer that issue of compassion and take it over into the realm of I'm entitled to your compassion. Mm-hmm.
And you owe me this certain attitude of permissiveness toward my bad behavior because this happened to me as a child or I've got this problem or I'm too tired or, you know, whatever. I performed these functions for you as a parent. Oh, yes. Yes, definitely. So that can be promoted to create a sense of moral obligation in the adult child.
that somehow doing what that emotionally immature parent wants is somehow making you a good person, that selflessness, putting others first, is the key to being a lovable, worthwhile person who's not going to be abandoned. And that trade-off or that kind of setup
is something that makes people really feel like there's a moral component to doing whatever that emotionally immature person wants them to do. And so when compassion is demanded,
I think the person needs to think about whether or not they want to be controlled by that if it's at their expense. You know, the other thing, this is kind of a different way to think about it. Emotionally immature people want you to understand what their intention was, not what the impact was. Oh, yeah. Yeah, there's a total intention impact thing here for sure. Yeah, it's like...
sorry, I shot you. I didn't intend to, but don't make such a big deal out of it. Yeah. The whole deal with intention is that it's great to have good intentions, but if you always had good intentions, but the impacts are always bad, then it actually doesn't matter what your intentions were because having a good intention is about correction.
You know, if we have a conversation, Lindsey, and you say to me, "Hey, Forrest, you messed this thing up. You spoke to me in a way that I didn't like, you didn't treat me kindly," whatever it is, I could say to you, "Hey, I just want you to know off the top, that's not what I meant to do." And I can do that as a joining act. I can say like, "Wow, of course, you know, it was my intention to not harm you." So that way you know my heart's in the right place or whatever it is. But from there, the next sentence is, "And I'll change it in the future."
That's the next sentence. So if the next sentence isn't there, then the intention kind of stops mattering at a certain point, right?
I can't say it any better than that. It does stop mattering. It just feels like people get trapped by that a lot. They really do. Because in our logical mind, we say, is there a reason for compassion here? Yes. Okay, therefore, I should forgive them for whatever they do, because they've got a good reason for it. Did they intend to hurt me? No, they're not willfully trying to make my life miserable.
okay, therefore I have to spend a lot of time with them. I mean, sometimes it's helpful to, in a journal or even just talking aloud to yourself, lay out some of these assumptions.
And listen to them or read them to give you some distance and perspective on the kind of logical curly cues you're having to, you know, get yourself into to have this work. Yes, it's good to have compassion. It's good to think about other people's intentions. But then what happened after that?
Yes. And just to broaden this out, we're focusing on the parent-child relationship here for starters because it's a huge part of your work. And it's also a very common space where this kind of relationship is created. But you see this in just friendships all the time too with varying degrees of emotional maturity and the kinds of sometimes well-intentioned but frankly often not well-intentioned mechanisms of control that people have.
to keep on doing what they're comfortable with and keep on sucking somebody back in to their emotional black hole.
I'm just thinking of examples that I can think of in the lives of friends where they've had a longtime friend who ran some of this game that you're describing on them effectively in terms of like, "Well, can you just see it from my perspective? And I intended this. What do you mean? Why aren't you being more compassionate to me?" over and over. And it just really does keep people trapped for a long time. Yes. And again, that's because it
It depends on which part of our brain we're processing that through. If we're processing it through our left brain, our rational, logical, step-by-step brain, it kind of goes, it leads you to a conclusion that may be logical, but it may not make any sense.
We need our right brain to remind us what it felt like, whether or not this does make sense, how many times this has happened, what's the big picture, the logical picture is great, but what has happened over time? Is there a pattern here? You don't get that with your logic brain. What advice would you give people who want to maintain some kind of a relationship, particularly with their family, but it could also be with
friends or coworkers, whatever it is, people they have to be in relationship with, but they also don't want to perform that act as much anymore. They want to move into that more authentic way of being that we're talking about, but they don't want it to just totally torpedo their relationship with their family system. Yes. So what happens if they start in little ways being more authentic?
by, I mean, it can be tiny, like not pushing yourself to say or do the thing you know will ingratiate yourself with that person. Not acting out of fear by not saying something that you want to say or not asking for something that you need because you're afraid that
of what their reaction might be, or even that you might just make them a little uncomfortable even. I mean, this gets very, very granular in terms of what people are concerned about. I think one of the best things that I can tell people is trust.
Try to think of it as that you are there, your main job is to stay connected with yourself and your own emotional reactions, your own emotional needs, and your own perspective on the situation. Like, what do you think is going on? And stick with that. You can take other people's input into account, of course, but really, how do you see it? What do you think has happened? Do you think that's right?
And you help them to detach and step back a little bit because, I mean, the whole thing about emotionally immature relationship systems is that everybody needs to be enmeshed, you know, and everybody's behaviors take them very personally. And there's a lot of reactivity going on, a lot of insistence that they be comforted. All that happens.
So to become more objective and to step back a little bit and observe what's going on in a more detached way from the emotional demand of the situation is very helpful, while simultaneously staying in touch with your own feelings, your own perspective on the situation. And lots of times I'll suggest that people do things to ground themselves in their body, like, you know,
Try just rubbing your arm, cross your arm, you know, feel your body, flex your feet.
have an awareness that I'm still here because the emotionally immature person will effectively erase your connection with your own self, with your own body, with your own reactions in order to pull all of that into their own need satisfaction. So, you know, it's very helpful if you can create some distance, set some boundaries,
And I always call, I always suggest that they say, I'm asking for space, not I'm setting a boundary. That seems to be less inflammatory. I need some space. I need some time. We'll be back to the show in just a minute, but first a word from our sponsors.
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So something that we've talked about on the show a lot is how when we start to change, that puts an inherent kind of pressure on the systems we're a part of and on the people around us, right? Because we have these very familiar social scripts and different ways of interacting with each other. That parent or that friend is very used to you being a certain kind of way.
And you step into this slightly different way of being. You're staying reconnected with how you feel, how you think, all the things you just detailed, Lindsay. And most of the time, they're going to have a feeling about that. They're going to put a little pressure on you. They're going to ask, hey, what the heck is going on here? When somebody's in that phase of it where they're receiving that kind of social pressure,
Have you found things that help a person stay connected to authentic self, what they want from it, all the things that you were describing? Yeah. The biggest idea is that you want them to see it as managing themselves.
the relationship as opposed to trying to have a good, deep, fulfilling relationship. You've changed your expectations a little bit. Yeah. Yes, exactly. You have changed your expectations because you've learned that if I ask for empathy, if I try to get close, if I try to explain myself, that that often makes the emotionally immature person very uncomfortable.
and makes them push back even more or get more controlling because now, you know, you're asking for something from them, like understanding. That doesn't usually have a really good effect. It just unfortunately doesn't. So what we're trying to do there is help the person get some healthy distance. And if the other person doesn't,
seem to like it that they're being different, that they expect that. That's part of the process.
And you also expect an extinction burst, which, you know, in old lab animals... Behavioral psychology, yeah. Yeah, behavioral psychology. It means that before you eliminate a behavior, the animal or the human will try even harder. That's the burst of behavior. They will have an intense effort made to get you to come back into the old pattern.
Just expect it. That's what's going to happen. Be prepared.
Was that unreasonable to set that limit? Am I a bad person? You know, you can ask yourself, you can dialogue with yourself about some of these things that come back on you when you change so that you get a healthier, more objective perspective on what you've been doing with them.
So Lindsey, as we get toward the end here, something I've been meaning to ask you about is there have now been, I don't know, how many million pieces of content that have been produced that are sort of tangential to your books? A million videos on TikTok, people talking about different aspects of this, trying to find the right boundaries for themselves. What do you think are some of the biggest common misunderstandings that still exist
about this notion of either emotionally immature people or the things that can support somebody in finding more personal healing here.
Probably that I would think probably the biggest misunderstanding would be that somehow it's supposed to make you feel better. Because what often happens is that you're going back into yourself to look at and change and repair things.
patterns in your life that you may have really counted on in a big way for much of your life. So the misunderstanding may be, I'll go in, I'll set some boundaries with my parents, I'll learn to say no, I'll learn to stop people pleasing, I will stand up for myself. And there's this sense that all of this will feel good. Okay. And then you try it,
And it feels worse. Yeah. And you feel worse. And then you're wondering, was it even worth it? But if you have gotten far enough along the path of becoming intrigued with your own, with getting to know yourself and getting to know your own inner world, it's real hard to go back. You know, once that growth process starts,
of getting to know your own soul and feeling like, well, maybe I am just as important as this other person. Because that's a foundational construct for emotionally immature relationships.
I, the emotionally immature person, am the most important person in the relationship. Let's just get that out there and accept it because that's how it is. They may not say that, but all their behavior and their complaints and their requests are issuing from that foundational view of the world, the view of the relationship. So to help the person be realistic,
about there's great good to be gotten from your own self-knowledge, from your own self-growth. That's where your satisfaction is going to come from. And boy, there is true satisfaction that people feel when they've been on this path for a while. But to expect that the other person is going to be able to be changed by your growth, by your authenticity,
That's where you're really out on a limb and have less and less control the more you think that way. Because, I mean, we just can't control other people. We can be an advocate for our own growth and we can learn to, you know, pursue things that are good for us. But yeah, losing the expectation that I'm going to be able to change this person is probably a huge thing.
Lindsay, thanks so much for doing this with me today. I've totally enjoyed talking with you. It's been a great time. I feel like we took a great journey together. Yeah, no, absolutely. There was like a really beautiful arc to this one. I just thought that your last comment there about the boundaries of
what change inside of ourselves is able to create inside of our relationships with other people. And having managed expectations around that is just, it's a great summary of a lot of what we were talking about today. And I think a good place to leave it for now.
I loved talking with Dr. Lindsay Gibson today about emotional immaturity. I really appreciated that she was up for coming back on the show. And I feel like I've learned so much personally from her work, and her work has really changed the lives of thousands and thousands of people. I mean, you just see how many people make videos on TikTok or Instagram about adult children of emotionally immature parents and about her other books as well.
And we started today's conversation with defining what emotional immaturity means. Emotional immaturity is when an individual functions emotionally at a much younger developmental stage than their chronological age. That's kind of the technical way to put it. So somebody can look like a 55-year-old, they can have all of the academic knowledge that a 55-year-old has accumulated, they might have the social knowledge of a 55-year-old,
But on the inside, they're kind of more of a 15-year-old or a 16-year-old. And this is particularly the case when they're under pressure. One of the things that Lindsay started with is the idea that there's a continuum here. It is normal for us.
to exhibit some emotional immaturity when things are particularly tough for us. We've all had a bad day. We've all had moments in time where we haven't showed up quite the way that we would like to. The difference here is that people who are chronically emotional immature are that way most of the time. Maybe they can stretch into more maturity when everything lines up for them,
But as a baseline, they've got these key characteristics. And those characteristics are that they're egocentric, they're self-preoccupied, and they have low empathy. They have limited emotional regulation. This means that they have some challenges with managing their own emotions, and this can lead to impulsivity and explosiveness on the one hand, and then withdrawal, the silent treatment icing you out on the other.
Another big feature of it that Lindsay emphasized is called effective realism. And this is when a person interprets reality based on their emotions rather than on objective facts or, hey, what actually happened. The person is creating this story about where the problem lies based on their experience. Guess what? Most of the time, it's not them.
This all comes together to create an environment, particularly if you're a kid who grew up with a parent who has some of these characteristics of inconsistency.
you just don't really know what you're going to get from day to day. Because on a good day, you're going to get one parent. On a not-so-good day, you're going to get a very different parent. And so I asked Lindsay, what differentiates emotional immaturity from a parent who is just in a situation where there was a lot of stress on them? They were managing a lot of different demands. They had to work really hard. They didn't have as much emotional availability.
Maybe they're coming from a background where there wasn't a lot of money in the picture and they're working two jobs. You just can't show up for your kid in necessarily the same way that that person might really want to.
And what she emphasized is how willing the parent is to consider, for starters, the kid's emotions at all and to consider their perspective at all, and then the denial and the minimizing. So if a parent is willing to say, "Hey, yeah, I see where you are coming from. I get it. And also, here's all of this other stuff that was in the field that a child might just not understand as well," right? This is a very, very minor example of this, but I remember growing up and having
plenty of times where my dad was very busy. He worked long hours, he was not always available, and I as a kid who loved my parent and wanted my dad to be around sometimes was frustrated or disappointed by this. But I also really knew deep down inside that my dad really loved me and he really cared about me, and when he was around, he was doing the best that he could to really show up for me as a parent.
And then 10 years, 20 years later, I can look back over that and really have an understanding of everything that was going on and why things were the way that they were. And then that was laid on top, a lot of really positive experiences with my dad and being a great guy, us having a great relationship in adulthood. That's one story. But if I went to my dad today and I said, hey, this was my experience back then, what he would lead with was, yeah, man, sorry.
You know, that's where he would start. He was like, "Wow, yeah, I totally understand that you had this experience, and also here's all the other stuff that was going on." Most of the time, an emotionally immature parent is not going to be willing to do that. There are two key consequences of this for people who grew up with emotionally immature parents. First, Lindsay talks a lot about emotional loneliness. This is this deep sense of emotional disconnection.
Children of emotionally immature parents often feel emotionally isolated, which tends to lead to a lot of self-parenting and hyper-independence. You can also read more about this in Alice Miller's drama of The Gifted Child. It's one of my absolute favorite books. It is a very, very short book. You really only have to read the first chapter of it. If you're interested in these kinds of topics and you haven't checked it out, I would really strongly recommend it.
Then the second big consequence is the development of what Lindsay calls a role self. This is a particular version of who you are.
It's often not totally inauthentic. It has aspects of your true self in there as well, but it is a very thick mask that allows you to get what you need from that parental figure. So you learn how to approach your parent at the right time, right space, right angle, right tone of voice, right all of those things in order to trigger a nurturing response from them. And this generally happens often
somewhat unconsciously, particularly the development of this is pretty unconscious. The behavior of it can sometimes be deliberate. And we learn that these are behaviors that work in life because they worked for us when we were growing up, and that was the petri dish that we were experimenting in. But we extrapolate that relationship, that relationship with that parental figure, to our relationships with other people generally.
And we particularly apply this learning in our relationships with people who are loosely similar to that parental figure. So what does this mean? That means people who are in positions of authority and also people who are at a level of emotional closeness that's kind of similar to what we had with our parents. So what does that mean? This means our romantic relationships often get affected by these patterns.
We then talked a lot about the work that Lindsay has done with people to help them explore these tendencies and let go of some of these patterns. And it's kind of difficult to talk about, unfortunately, because it's such a specific process and it's often quite a long process for people. The starting point of it that Lindsay really highlighted is the importance of feeling your feelings.
connecting with your authentic emotional experience. You ask somebody who has been parentified, who has been in one of those positions where
they were really functioning, as Rick has said during some previous episodes on similar topics, as a kind of plug-in module for the parent's personality where the child learns to really define themselves by their relationship with the parent, they often have a really hard time telling you what's true inside of them. They have a tough time looking inside and seeing that clear, authentic sense of what they feel like, what they care about, what emotions were they experiencing in those different situations, right?
And so part of the therapeutic process is about reconnecting with that and asking a lot of questions along those lines. Well, what did you feel when that was going on? And what Lindsay said is that a lot of the time the person leads with what they thought. Well, I thought this. Well, it seemed like that. These very cognitive responses. And part of her job as a therapist is to increasingly get people back in touch with that more emotional, self-connected aspect.
This then gets complicated by our continued relationships with people who have some of these patterns. A lot of people want to maintain a relationship with their parents even if their parents are complicated people, even if their relationship with their parents is not a super smooth one. Some people do move up to full estrangement and
Something I just want to get in here because I didn't say it during the episode is that I think that we have a real misunderstanding of that a lot of the time. 99% of people who become estranged from their parents don't do so flippantly. They don't do so just because they woke up someday, rolled out of bed and said, today I'm going to become estranged. This is the end point.
of a lot of difficult, difficult decisions and a lot of painful experiences for a person.
And this is why I think the compassion conversation that we also talked about during the episode a bit is such a fraught one for people, right? The idea of, "Well, just have more compassion for your parents. Have more understanding for their experience." Yeah, if you can just roll over and experience more compassion, great. Compassion's a generally good thing, but the feelings that you have are based on your lived experience.
And the intensity of those emotions is often directly connected in direct proportion to the extent to which you've been suppressing them for a long period of time. Lindsay and I also talked a bit during the conversation about how some of these moral messages about obligations and requirements and what do we owe our families, what do we owe our parents, which to me I think is an incredibly deep question.
My personal moral framework is that we owe our parents a lot. We owe our families a lot. And it takes a lot for a person to get to a point where they say, "You know what? I'm just not going to engage with that anymore." That's a serious choice. That's a serious decision for somebody. And I think that even though we do have a certain responsibility to our parents and our families, if for nothing else than the kind of general gift of life,
And at the same time, I think we need to be really careful about the weaponization of that morality. So many emotionally abusive relationships, parental or otherwise, leverage that kind of moral cudgel to perpetuate these incredibly unhealthy systems. Moral obligation is not a blank check.
At a certain point, it's about behavior. It's about what you do. It's about what your relationship really looks like with this adult person who is standing in front of you and is asking for something really very different than what you've had in the past. I then asked Lindsay toward the end of the conversation about the advice that you would give people who want to maintain some kind of relationship, some slightly more emotionally immature people in their lives, but they also don't want to perform that act anymore.
And she had a great line about this. Your main job is to stay connected with yourself, your own reactions, your own needs, your own perspectives, and your own emotions. What do you feel about what is going on? And do you feel comfortable expressing that even just inside of yourself? And I think this is one of the ways that people can really draw some healthy boundaries in a way that can actually allow them to stay in relationship with people if that's what they want to do.
where they can start saying, look, I know I'm not going to get everything from this relationship. This relationship is never going to be what I truly want it to be. And that is immensely sad, but it's also just the reality of it. And for me to stay in it, I need to understand that this person is not going to be really that interested in meeting my emotional needs. And you know what?
for whatever reason, because it's not so bad, because I can handle it, because I feel a sense of moral obligation, it doesn't destroy my life. I'm going to choose to stay in relationship, but I'm going to do it from that stance of clear seeing. I'm going to do it while getting. It's never going to quite be that way. And that's actually what's going to give me the freedom that allows me to stay in touch with myself. And you know what? Sometimes I'm going to choose just to smile and not.
But inside myself, I'm going to know, hey, I feel a certain kind of way about this. That's not what I think. That's not in alignment with my view of this situation. But I'm just going to let you kind of keep on doing your thing over here because it's frankly not worth it.
I hope you enjoyed today's conversation. I always love talking with Lindsay. I'm sure we'll have her back on the show at some point in the future. If you've been enjoying the podcast for a while, you've made it this far and you somehow haven't subscribed to it yet, please subscribe to the podcast. It really helps us out. If you're watching on YouTube, you can subscribe there.
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