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cover of episode Bone Marrow Cells: Key To Vaccine Longevity?

Bone Marrow Cells: Key To Vaccine Longevity?

2025/1/14
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Short Wave

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Emily Kwong 和 Jessica Young:COVID-19 mRNA疫苗的免疫力持续时间较短,而其他一些疫苗,例如麻疹或黄热病疫苗,则能提供更持久的免疫力,甚至终身免疫。这种差异促使研究人员探索疫苗免疫力持久性的机制。 我们讨论了斯坦福大学Bali Pulendran教授及其团队的研究,他们发现骨髓中的巨核细胞在疫苗免疫持久性中起着关键作用。巨核细胞为产生抗体的B细胞提供了一个有利的生存环境,使免疫反应能够持续更长时间。这项研究发表在《自然免疫学》杂志上。 这项发现具有重要的意义,因为它为开发能够刺激更持久免疫力的疫苗提供了新的方向。如果能够更好地激活巨核细胞,那么疫苗就能产生更持久的免疫力。巨核细胞的活性也可以作为衡量疫苗效果的指标,帮助医生判断患者何时需要加强针,以及疫苗开发者评估疫苗的持续时间。 免疫学专家George Lewis和Deepta Bhattacharya也认为这项研究具有潜力,但还需要进一步的研究。未来病毒爆发事件的可能性依然存在,因此这项基础研究对于开发更好的疫苗至关重要。 Bali Pulendran:我的研究团队发现,骨髓中的巨核细胞在疫苗免疫持久性中起着关键作用。这些细胞为产生抗体的B细胞提供了一个有利的生存环境,使免疫反应能够持续更长时间。这项发现为开发能够刺激更持久免疫力的疫苗提供了新的方向。我们希望这项基础研究能够帮助我们更好地应对未来的疫情。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why do some vaccines provide lifelong immunity while others only last a few months?

Some vaccines, like those for measles and yellow fever, stimulate a strong and long-lasting immune response, partly due to the activation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. These cells create a hospitable environment for antibody-producing B cells to survive for years, leading to prolonged immunity.

What role do megakaryocytes play in vaccine longevity?

Megakaryocytes, large cells in the bone marrow, create a supportive environment for B cells to survive and produce antibodies for extended periods. This helps maintain a long-lasting immune response, which is crucial for vaccines that offer years-long or lifelong immunity.

How can understanding megakaryocytes help in developing better vaccines?

Understanding how megakaryocytes support long-lasting immunity can help scientists design vaccines that better activate these cells. This could lead to vaccines with longer-lasting effects, reducing the need for frequent boosters and improving overall vaccine efficacy.

What shapes are best for hula hooping, and why?

Hourglass-shaped bodies are the best for hula hooping because they can more easily maintain the hoop's rotation. However, anyone can hula hoop by increasing the frequency of their hip movements. The study also showed that hula hooping can be done on various parts of the body, not just the waist.

What are the major space missions expected in 2025, and what are their goals?

In 2025, several major space missions are planned. Resilience Mission 2 and Blue Ghost are commercial missions aiming to land on the moon and collect scientific data. NASA's Lunar Trailblazer will search for water on the moon for future use. The Europa Clipper will study Jupiter's moon Europa for potential signs of life, with a gravity assist from Mars in March.

Shownotes Transcript

The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine generates enough of an antibody response to protect against severe disease for six months. But other vaccines offer years-long — even lifelong — immunity, such as the measles or yellow fever vaccines. Is there a way for scientists to tell how long a person's immunity will last? A team at Stanford Medicine might have found a way to do just that — with the help of some of the cells found in our bone marrow. *Questions about vaccines or the respiratory season? Email us at [email protected]) — we'd love to hear from you!*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)