Some vaccines, like those for measles and yellow fever, stimulate a strong and long-lasting immune response, partly due to the activation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. These cells create a hospitable environment for antibody-producing B cells to survive for years, leading to prolonged immunity.
Megakaryocytes, large cells in the bone marrow, create a supportive environment for B cells to survive and produce antibodies for extended periods. This helps maintain a long-lasting immune response, which is crucial for vaccines that offer years-long or lifelong immunity.
Understanding how megakaryocytes support long-lasting immunity can help scientists design vaccines that better activate these cells. This could lead to vaccines with longer-lasting effects, reducing the need for frequent boosters and improving overall vaccine efficacy.
Hourglass-shaped bodies are the best for hula hooping because they can more easily maintain the hoop's rotation. However, anyone can hula hoop by increasing the frequency of their hip movements. The study also showed that hula hooping can be done on various parts of the body, not just the waist.
In 2025, several major space missions are planned. Resilience Mission 2 and Blue Ghost are commercial missions aiming to land on the moon and collect scientific data. NASA's Lunar Trailblazer will search for water on the moon for future use. The Europa Clipper will study Jupiter's moon Europa for potential signs of life, with a gravity assist from Mars in March.
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine generates enough of an antibody response to protect against severe disease for six months. But other vaccines offer years-long — even lifelong — immunity, such as the measles or yellow fever vaccines. Is there a way for scientists to tell how long a person's immunity will last? A team at Stanford Medicine might have found a way to do just that — with the help of some of the cells found in our bone marrow. *Questions about vaccines or the respiratory season? Email us at [email protected]) — we'd love to hear from you!*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)