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cover of episode Love Fruit? Thank (Dinosaur) Mass Extinction

Love Fruit? Thank (Dinosaur) Mass Extinction

2025/3/14
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Short Wave

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Chris Doughty
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Emily Kwong
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Emily Kwong: 我主持了本期节目,探讨了恐龙灭绝与植物进化之间的关系,特别是种子大小和果实数量的变化。我们采访了生态学家Chris Doughty,他利用大数据和模型研究了恐龙灭绝对生态系统的影响。在白垩纪时期,森林开阔明亮,种子较小,大型恐龙如蜥脚类恐龙作为生态系统工程师,通过移动、破坏树木、传播种子和营养物质来影响生态系统。恐龙灭绝后,森林变暗,种子变大,果实数量激增。 Chris Doughty: 我研究了恐龙灭绝对生态系统的影响,特别是对植物种子的影响。通过研究恐龙灭绝前后植物化石的化学成分,我们可以量化恐龙灭绝后森林底层光线减少的程度。通过研究现代雨林植物的生长情况,以及大型动物对森林的影响,我们可以建立模型来模拟恐龙灭绝后植物种子的变化。模型显示,森林底层光线减少导致种子变大,从而促进了果实的进化和传播。恐龙灭绝后,大型哺乳动物的出现也改变了森林底层的光线条件,导致种子大小再次发生变化。我们现在正处于第六次大灭绝时期,人类活动对生态系统的影响巨大,我们应该反思生态系统与大型动物的共同进化关系,以及大型动物灭绝对生态系统的影响。从能量消耗的角度来看,人类的能量消耗量巨大,相当于大量的“金刚”或“超龙”,对地球的长期进化轨迹产生了影响。 Chris Doughty: 我的研究表明,恐龙灭绝后,森林结构发生了显著变化,导致了植物种子大小和果实数量的改变。这并非偶然事件,而是生态系统中各种因素相互作用的结果。通过对化石记录、现代植物生长模式以及大型动物对森林的影响进行综合分析,我们构建了一个模型来模拟这一过程。模型结果显示,恐龙灭绝后,森林底层的光照条件变差,这使得较大的种子更有生存优势,因为它们能够更好地在荫蔽环境中生长。更大的种子也更容易吸引大型动物食用,从而促进种子的传播。这种变化最终导致了果实数量的增加,并对植物的进化产生了深远的影响。此外,我们还发现,在恐龙灭绝后的漫长时期内,大型哺乳动物的兴衰也对种子大小产生了周期性的影响。目前,人类活动已经成为地球上最主要的生态系统工程师,我们对生态系统的影响是巨大的,也是难以预测的。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the connection between the extinction of dinosaurs and the subsequent increase in fruit size. It discusses how the absence of large dinosaurs led to darker forests, favoring the evolution of bigger seeds and fruits that attracted larger animals for seed dispersal. The role of megafauna in shaping ecosystems and the evolutionary advantage of larger seeds are also highlighted.
  • Dinosaur extinction led to a darker forest understory.
  • Lack of light favored the evolution of bigger seeds.
  • Bigger seeds led to bigger fruits, attracting larger animals for seed dispersal.
  • The evolution of primates is linked to the availability of fruit.

Shownotes Transcript

Move over, TikTokers. It's time to shine a spotlight on some of the earliest influencers around: dinosaurs. When these ecosystem engineers were in their heyday, forest canopies were open and seeds were small. But around the time most dinosaurs were wiped out, paleontologists noticed an interesting shift in the fossil record: Seeds got bigger — *much *bigger. There was a fruit boom. Did the death of these dinosaurs have something to do with it? And who are the modern day equivalent of dinosaur influencers? To find out, host Emily Kwong) talks to Chris Doughty), an ecologist at Northern Arizona University.*Tell us what other tales of dino past you want us to regale you with by emailing us at [email protected])! Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)