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The Great Antarctic Food Web Puzzle

2025/3/10
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Short Wave

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Martina Messioni
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节目主持人: 我对南极浮游植物及其在海洋食物网中的作用很感兴趣。它们是许多海洋生物的食物来源,包括磷虾和鲸鱼。浮游植物通过光合作用产生氧气,对全球生态系统至关重要。一项名为FjordPhyto的社区科学项目正在利用游客收集的样本研究气候变化对南极浮游植物的影响,以及这种影响如何波及整个海洋食物网。 Martina Messioni: 我们对南极浮游植物知之甚少,包括它们对环境变化的反应、物种多样性和基因构成等方面。浮游植物主要分布在水体表层,因为它们需要阳光进行光合作用。南极半岛的大部分冰川正在消退,但冰川融水对海洋生态系统的影响尚不清楚。Fjord Phyto项目与前往南极的旅游船合作,培训船员和游客收集浮游植物样本。游客参与该项目,能够更深入地了解南极生态系统,并提升旅行体验。利用旅游船收集样本,可以更全面地了解南极浮游植物的时空分布。Fjord Phyto项目的数据帮助研究人员了解南极浮游植物群落随时间的变化。收集的样本用于显微镜计数、融水分析和基因分析,以研究浮游植物的物种组成、融水影响和遗传多样性。研究人员通过样本观察到了浮游植物的几次大规模繁殖(水华)。浮游植物数量下降会对南极生态系统产生重大影响,特别是对磷虾和依赖磷虾的物种。研究南极浮游植物对于了解和保护该地区的生态系统至关重要,可能还有助于发现新的有益物质。 Martina Messioni: 我们对南极浮游植物知之甚少,包括它们对环境变化的反应、物种多样性和基因构成等方面。浮游植物主要分布在水体表层,因为它们需要阳光进行光合作用。南极半岛的大部分冰川正在消退,但冰川融水对海洋生态系统的影响尚不清楚。Fjord Phyto项目与前往南极的旅游船合作,培训船员和游客收集浮游植物样本。游客参与该项目,能够更深入地了解南极生态系统,并提升旅行体验。利用旅游船收集样本,可以更全面地了解南极浮游植物的时空分布。Fjord Phyto项目的数据帮助研究人员了解南极浮游植物群落随时间的变化。收集的样本用于显微镜计数、融水分析和基因分析,以研究浮游植物的物种组成、融水影响和遗传多样性。研究人员通过样本观察到了浮游植物的几次大规模繁殖(水华)。浮游植物数量下降会对南极生态系统产生重大影响,特别是对磷虾和依赖磷虾的物种。研究南极浮游植物对于了解和保护该地区的生态系统至关重要,可能还有助于发现新的有益物质。

Deep Dive

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This chapter introduces phytoplankton, their role as the base of the ocean's food web, and the importance of understanding their populations, particularly in the Antarctic. It highlights the FjordPhyto project and its use of tourist samples to study the impact of climate change on these organisms.
  • Phytoplankton are the base of the food web in most ocean areas.
  • They produce approximately 50% of the Earth's atmospheric oxygen.
  • Antarctic phytoplankton live in polar fjords, areas rich in nutrients.
  • The FjordPhyto project uses samples collected by Antarctic tourists to study the impact of climate change on phytoplankton populations.

Shownotes Transcript

Tourists to Antarctica are fueling research on some of the tiniest, most influential organisms on Earth: phytoplankton. These itty bitty critters make their own food and are the base of the food web in most of the ocean, but tracking how well they're doing is historically tricky. So, researchers with the program FjordPhyto) are using samples collected by these tourists to understand how the balance of power in the Antarctic food web could be shifting) — could ripple across the food web of the entire ocean. *Want to hear more community science at work or about polar ecosystems? Let us know by emailing [email protected])! We're also always open to other story ideas you have. *Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)