We're sunsetting PodQuest on 2025-07-28. Thank you for your support!
Export Podcast Subscriptions
cover of episode Forum From the Archives: john a. powell on Polarization and 'The Power of Bridging'

Forum From the Archives: john a. powell on Polarization and 'The Power of Bridging'

2025/1/17
logo of podcast KQED's Forum

KQED's Forum

AI Deep Dive AI Chapters Transcript
People
J
John A. Powell
Topics
John A. Powell: 我致力于研究‘异化’和‘归属’这两个相互关联的概念。‘异化’指的是缺乏相互尊重、尊严和平等,它并非自然现象,而是人为建构的社会产物。它可以表现为轻微的歧视,也可以发展到种族灭绝等极端形式。而‘归属感’则是人类和其他哺乳动物的基本需求,它关乎我们的安全感、社会联系和自我认同。人们常常为了获得归属感而去排斥他人,但这并非简单的对立关系,而是复杂的互动。在快速变化的时代,人们需要构建新的叙事来理解世界,而‘指责他人’是其中一种应对方式。 建立桥梁的关键在于同理心的倾听,而非说服或争论,目标是理解对方而非改变对方。即使在观点差异很大的情况下,人们也存在共同点,例如对死亡、损失、焦虑的感受以及对子女的爱。‘异化’并非单一维度,而是多重身份交织的结果,种族只是其中一个重要因素,并非唯一因素。理解和同情他人,分享他们的苦难,是建立联系的重要途径。归属感需要共同创造,而非简单的融入,它需要共同设计和参与。每个人都属于这个世界,我们不需要许可就能拥有归属感。 建立联系的方式因关系远近而异,与亲近的人建立联系(短桥)比与陌生人建立联系(长桥)更容易。当人们感到被轻视时,他们的恐惧情绪会占据主导地位,这使得建立联系变得更加困难。社会分裂导致人们感到愤怒和被忽视,这会形成恶性循环,加剧冲突。建立联系的关键在于同理心和同情心,而非说服或教育。虽然社会存在排斥现象,但我们应该坚持每个人都属于这个世界的理念,并与那些坚持这一理念的人站在一起。现有的赢家通吃制度加剧了社会分裂,我们需要改变这种制度,坚持每个人都拥有归属感的理念。建立联系并非总是可行或安全的,在存在威胁或创伤的情况下,应优先考虑自身安全。建立联系并不一定意味着改变彼此的观点,但可以改变彼此的心意,增进彼此的理解和尊重。在多元化的社会中,即使是占据主导地位的群体成员也可能感到不属于某些特定空间,这与弱势群体的感受是共通的。我们应该避免将人们简化为单一身份,而是关注他们各自的复杂性和独特性,这有助于打破社会隔阂。建立联系并不意味着放弃自我,而是要同时倾听他人和表达自我,在相互理解和尊重的基础上建立联系。 Alexis Madrigal: 作为节目的主持人,我引导访谈的进行,提出问题,并与John A. Powell进行互动,探讨“异化”与“归属”的议题,以及如何在社会分裂的背景下建立桥梁。我通过提出具体案例和听众来信,促使John A. Powell更深入地阐述其观点。 听众: 听众们分享了他们在生活中遇到的各种挑战和困惑,例如在政治观点差异、宗教信仰差异、以及族裔文化差异等方面与他人建立联系的困难。这些分享为John A. Powell的理论提供了现实的案例支持,也展现了社会中普遍存在的“异化”与“归属”的矛盾。听众们提出的问题也促使John A. Powell对他的理论进行更深入的解释和补充。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter defines othering as a lack of mutual respect and dignity towards others, creating a spectrum from subtle disregard to extreme dehumanization. It contrasts this with belonging, a primal human need crucial for safety and well-being, noting that ironically, othering is often used to achieve a sense of belonging.
  • Othering is a sociological phenomenon, not a natural state.
  • Belonging is a fundamental human need, essential for safety and well-being.
  • Othering is often employed to bolster one's own sense of belonging.

Shownotes Transcript

On Monday we will, once again, inaugurate Donald Trump as president and, once again, it will come as the country is bitterly divided and often deeply confounded by people with opposing political views. We at Forum thought this would be a perfect time to listen back to our interview with john a. powell. He’s director of UC Berkeley’s Othering and Belonging Institute and his work focuses on communicating, and understanding each other’s humanity, across divides. We talked to him about his institute’s work and his new book “The Power of Bridging.”

Guests:

**john a. powell, **director, UC Berkeley's Othering and Belonging Institute; professor of Law, African American and Ethnic Studies at UC Berkeley