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cover of episode What does it take to be 'an old friend of the Chinese people'?

What does it take to be 'an old friend of the Chinese people'?

2025/4/7
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Chinese Whispers

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A
Anne-Marie Brady
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Cindy Yu
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Ryan Ho Kilpatrick
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Cindy Yu: 我在节目中探讨了"中国人民的老朋友"这一称号的含义。它看似是一个口语化的、甚至有些感伤的词语,但在中国语境下,它却有着非常具体的含义,通常指那些以某种方式帮助中国共产党的知名外国人,例如亨利·基辛格。中国共产党授予外国友人这一称号,揭示了中国数十年来的优先事项,以及其争取外国势力支持自身事业的企图,这与中共的"统一战线"策略密切相关。 Anne-Marie Brady: 我对"中国人民的老朋友"这一概念进行了深入研究。它并非普通友谊,而是一种政治友谊,与列宁的统一战线思想密切相关。它通常由中国共产党授予那些并非中共党员,但在政治上被中共接受的外国人。中共将某人称为"老朋友",意味着他们出于政治目的与该人建立了策略性关系。这一概念与中国传统文化中的友谊观念有所不同,它是一种纯粹的政治性称谓。虽然中共有时会借用一些儒家思想中的说法,但"老朋友"这一概念与儒家友谊观大相径庭,它是一种功利主义的政治性称谓,仅存在于中国共产党统治下的中国。要理解"老朋友"的含义,需要参考中共的官方文件,特别是关于外交事务的部分。 Ryan Ho Kilpatrick: 我认为《人民日报》几十年来持续使用"老朋友"这一说法,其用词并非偶然,每个词语都有精确的含义,通过长期观察可以清晰地理解其含义。"老朋友"一词的使用频率与中国在国际社会中的需求密切相关,例如在建国初期争取国际承认、改革开放后吸引外资以及在"六四"事件后恢复国际关系等时期,该词的使用频率都会显著增加。早期被称作"老朋友"的外国人大多是国际志愿者,例如医生和士兵等。近年来,"老朋友"的称号更多地授予政治领导人等精英人士。"老朋友"称号的授予对象、时间以及数量变化都能够反映出中国不同时期的政治和外交策略。中共对"老朋友"称号的授予非常谨慎,并非随意给予。如果"老朋友"对中国重要议题发表与中共立场相悖的言论,将会立即且不可逆转地失去这一称号。中共的"统一战线"策略至关重要,这包括如何与外国人打交道,即使是"老朋友",也要时刻提防其可能是间谍。

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** Chinese Whispers is coming to an end. Later this year, Cindy Yu will be joining The Times and The Sunday Times to write a regular column on China. To stay abreast of her latest work, subscribe to her free Substack at chinesewhispers.substack.com) **

The term ‘old friend of the Chinese people’ might seem a colloquial, almost sentimental, phrase to appear in official diplomatic language, but in the Chinese context, those words have a very specific meaning. Most often, they refer to high profile foreigners whose actions have helped the Chinese Communist Party in one way or another. The most famous of these is Henry Kissinger, who led the way for American rapprochement with China.

That the CCP gives various foreigners this honour is revealing of China’s priorities over the decades, but also of its attempts to co-opt foreign forces to its cause. Think back to the United Front strategy, which we looked at on the podcast earlier in the year).

To discuss this honorific, I’m joined Professor Anne-Marie Brady, a China expert at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, who was among the first to look at China’s old friends as a serious political concept some 20 years ago, and Ryan Ho Kilpatrick, a journalist based in Hong Kong.