cover of episode Lizzi Lee on China's Economy and the Trump Presidency

Lizzi Lee on China's Economy and the Trump Presidency

2025/1/16
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Lizzi Lee: 我认为评估美中关系的关键不在于关注个别鹰派人物,而在于中美双方能否进行必要的结构性改革,以及这种能力的感知。中国对自身适应变化的能力充满信心,而美国则缺乏清晰的应对策略。 我观察到,中国将美中竞争视为一场持久战,长期以来一直在为类似特朗普的干扰做准备,包括调整全球贸易关系、增强供应链韧性以及推动国内自给自足。中国认为,美国与中国的紧张关系是两者GDP规模差距不断扩大的结构性结果,并且这种紧张关系是不可避免的。 特朗普的回归对中国既有风险也有机遇。风险在于特朗普可能采取的贸易保护主义政策会加剧中国经济的动荡;机遇在于,外部压力可能促使中国加快资本市场改革,并使其成为更具吸引力的投资目的地,从而增强其经济安全。 中国经济并非如某些报道中所说的那样即将崩溃,而是面临着一些长期性问题,例如国内需求疲软、青年失业和房地产市场低迷。这些问题需要结构性改革来解决,而非大规模刺激措施。虽然短期刺激措施可能有效,但中国更倾向于解决问题的根本原因。 中国需要向市场发出更清晰的信号以恢复信心,即使不采取大规模刺激措施,也需要表明政府正在采取行动解决问题。目前市场缺乏信心,这正在损害中国经济。 中国最初的“红色新政”设想,即通过清洁能源转型来促进经济增长,其核心思想仍然有效,但其转型过程比预期要复杂和漫长得多。中国需要在短期阵痛和长期收益之间取得平衡,并制定更有效的转型计划。 习近平对中国经济的长期愿景是实现共同富裕,摆脱中等收入陷阱,实现更均衡的增长模式,并在全球创新中发挥主导作用。这需要解决长期存在的结构性问题,例如房地产市场、养老金制度和户籍制度等。 习近平的意识形态语言虽然重要,但却不利于管理市场预期,并可能导致官员在政策执行中犹豫不决。这种语言在层层传递的过程中变得越来越模糊,导致地方官员更倾向于维持现状以避免犯错。 中国政策制定对既定会议日程的依赖,导致政策执行与市场预期之间存在脱节,影响了经济政策的有效性。 中国领导层应优先提高政策透明度,改善与民众的沟通,以增强市场信心和稳定社会预期。目前,信息的不透明和沟通的不足正在加剧民众的焦虑。 Kaiser Guo: (对谈话内容进行总结和补充,例如对中国经济现状、中美关系走向等方面的见解)

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the author's perspective on US-China relations, arguing that adaptability and structural transformations are more crucial than focusing on individual political figures. The author reflects on past events, highlighting the lasting impact of actions like sanctions on Chinese companies over short-term concerns.
  • Adaptability is more important than focusing on individual political figures in US-China relations
  • The Huawei event and ZTE sanctions were significant turning points, sparking a push for tech self-reliance in China
  • Short-term concerns often prove to be insignificant in the long run
  • There's a greater recognition of the need for structural transformation in China than in the US

Shownotes Transcript

This week on Sinica, I'm joined by Lizzi Lee, fellow at the Asia Society Policy Institute and by my lights one of the most astute, well-informed people writing on China in the English-speaking world today. She has fascinating perspectives on China's preparations for the Trump administration, on China's reluctance to roll out large-scale cash stimulus, and Xi Jinping's challenges. Don't miss this one! (I will update the show notes and publish the transcript early next week — thanks for your patience!)

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