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cover of episode What if the World Stopped Shopping?

What if the World Stopped Shopping?

2022/12/7
logo of podcast Money For the Rest of Us

Money For the Rest of Us

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David Stein
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David Stein: 本期节目探讨了过度消费与环境保护之间的矛盾。一方面,我们需要减少碳排放来应对气候变化;另一方面,大幅减少消费可能会导致全球经济衰退。 瓦茨拉夫·斯米尔(Vaclav Smil)的《世界如何运转》详细阐述了能源和化石燃料消耗的巨大规模,这使得减少碳排放变得极其困难。化石燃料的用途广泛,远超供暖和交通,还包括农业、钢铁和水泥生产等,全球对化石碳的年需求量巨大。减少化石燃料的使用难度极大,因为其广泛应用于经济的各个方面,特别是能源密集型产业,如钢铁、水泥和食品生产。减少化石燃料的使用还会对发展中国家的粮食产量和基础设施建设造成严重影响。 J.B. 麦金农(J.B. McKinnon)的《世界停止购物的那一天》探讨了如果世界减少25%的消费将会发生什么,结果将非常糟糕。历史上全球消费下降的几次事件都伴随着严重的经济衰退,这表明单纯减少消费并不能解决问题。苏联解体导致消费下降,引发了严重的社会和经济动荡,这说明强制减少消费在政治上不可行。 消费下降会导致收入减少,进而引发经济衰退,因为消费支出与收入之间存在直接联系。全球足迹网络(Global Footprint Network)的数据显示,人类目前的资源消耗量已经超过了地球的可持续供应能力。一些国家的消费水平相对可持续,这与他们的购买力水平密切相关,也反映出不同生活方式的巨大差异。 Levi's公司的经验表明,减少消费对环境的影响最大,而单纯的绿色环保措施并不能解决过度消费的问题。购买更耐用、更高价的商品可以维持经济的同时减少环境影响,但人们往往更倾向于购买价格低廉的产品,即使这些产品寿命较短。产品更新换代速度快,以及计划报废等因素,加剧了消费和资源浪费。反弹效应(rebound effect)的存在使得单纯减少消费并不能有效降低环境影响。 从个人层面来说,应该购买更优质、更耐用的商品,从而在保持经济效益的同时降低环境影响。从经济层面来看,碳税可能是解决气候变化问题的更有效途径,因为它能够激励创新和市场机制的调整。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the massive scale of global fossil fuel consumption and its connection to various industries, highlighting the challenge of reducing carbon emissions while maintaining economic stability. It emphasizes the difficulty of transitioning away from fossil fuels due to their deep integration into multiple sectors.
  • 60-fold increase in fossil fuel use during the 19th century and a 16-fold increase in the 20th century
  • Annual global demand for fossil carbon is 10 billion tons a year
  • Fossil fuels are used in lubricants, asphalt, fertilizer, plastic, electricity generation, steel, and cement production

Shownotes Transcript

How to solve the conundrum that consumption reductions lead to economic disasters while benefiting the environment.

Topics covered include:

  • Why consumption, fossil fuel usage, and carbon emissions keep growing
  • How fossil fuel consumption goes well beyond heating and transportation uses but is tied to agriculture, steel, and cement production
  • The four times global consumption fell and the dire economic consequences that resulted
  • How the world is consuming twice as many resources as the planet can sustain
  • How the economy could still grow while reducing the environmental impact

For more information on this episode click here).

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Show Notes

How the World Really Works: The Science Behind How We Got Here and Where We’re Going by Vaclav Smil)

The Day the World Stops Shopping: How Ending Consumerism Saves the Environment and Ourselves by J.B. Mackinnon)

Global Footprint Network)

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340: Climate Change, ESG, and What Should Investors Do?)

395: How Population Trends Will Impact Growth, Inflation, Investing, and Well Being)

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