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cover of episode What Trump Wants Part 2 - How Trade Deficits and Capital Flows Can Harm or Help Countries

What Trump Wants Part 2 - How Trade Deficits and Capital Flows Can Harm or Help Countries

2025/3/19
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Money For the Rest of Us

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David Stein
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David Stein: 我回顾了Michael Pettis的研究,他认为美国贸易逆差主要是因为世界其他国家将其过剩储蓄输出到美国。储蓄等于投资,每个储蓄的美元都会被投资。国家可以通过提高国内生产力或降低相对工资来提高国际竞争力,降低相对工资更容易,但会导致收入不平等和总需求下降。当一个国家拥有资本账户盈余时,投资可以用于提高生产力或非生产性投资。美国等发达国家不需要大量资本流入,而发展中国家则需要。家庭债务通常不会增加生产力,而政府债务也一样,除非用于生产性基础设施建设。如果资本用于股票回购或非生产性投资,则不会提高生产力。世界上过剩的储蓄流向不需要这些资金的发达国家,而不是能够有效利用这些资金的发展中国家。如果美国投资机会不足,资本账户盈余会降低美国国内储蓄率。资本流入可能导致美元升值,从而增加进口,降低国内储蓄。如果贸易逆差导致债务负担或失业率上升,则贸易逆差会使美国变穷;如果贸易逆差导致生产性投资增加,则贸易逆差会使美国变富。如果资本流入没有用于生产性投资,而是推高资产价格和美元汇率,则会损害美国经济。成为储备货币的悖论是,它会导致永久性的双赤字(预算赤字和贸易赤字),最终会损害该国作为储备货币的地位。美国的高债务负担是多种因素造成的,包括贸易逆差和资本盈余。 Michael Pettis: (观点总结,需根据原文补充) Stephen Moran: (观点总结,需根据原文补充)

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the public's fear and uncertainty surrounding Trump's economic policies, particularly his interventionist approach to trade deficits and currency manipulation. It introduces the core dilemma: should the U.S. prioritize a weaker dollar to boost its manufacturing sector, or maintain a strong dollar despite the trade deficit?
  • Public concern over Trump's economic policies and their potential impact on the economy.
  • The dilemma of choosing between a weaker dollar and a strong dollar in the context of trade deficits.
  • Uncertainty around the consequences of economic interventions.

Shownotes Transcript

How trade deficits are making the U.S. poorer, while in the past they have made the U.S. wealthier.

Topics covered include:

  • Two ways countries can increase their competitiveness
  • How savings always equals investment
  • Why excess savings flows to the U.S. leading to a drop in U.S. domestic savings
  • Why the U.S. current trade situation could lead to a debt crisis

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Show Notes

Why U.S. Debt Must Continue to Rise by Michael Pettis—Carnegie Endowment)

Could Trump devalue the dollar with a "Mar-a-Lago Accord"? by Paul Diggle and Luke Bartholomew—Aberdeen Investments)

A User’s Guide to Restructuring the Global Trading System by Stephen Miran—Hudson Bay Capital)

Is Peter Navarro Wrong on Trade? by Michael Pettis—Carnegie Endowment)

Related Episodes

515: Tariffs and the Mar-a-Lago Accord: What Trump Really Wants)

470: How the Economy Really Works: Savings, Investing, Consuming and Market Distortions)

144: Trade Deficits Aren’t Always Bad. Trade Wars Are.)

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