Shownotes Transcript
冬奥会简史：迈向极限| A Brief History of the Winter Olympics：**** Pushing the Extreme The daredevil drivers throw all cautionoverboard, faster andfaster down the Hoevenbergrun. 这位选手真的是胆大包天，全然不顾自己的安危，在范霍文伯格赛道上越开越快。 Since their earliest days, the Winter Olympics have pushed the extreme. Butextreme, has taken on new meaning as X-Games-style events have taken *prime time airways. So how did we get here? 从最开始的时候，冬奥会就已经在挑战极限。但随着极限运动迎来黄金岁月，“极限”也被赋予了新的含义。那么，这一切的来龙去脉是怎样的呢？ Let's start with thefirst Winter Olympics, held inChamonix, France in 1924. Billed asInternationalWinterSportsWeek,that had just 16 countries participating across 16 events. Taking a look at the line-up, skijumping was the only real extreme sport there. 让我们从1924年在法国夏蒙尼举行的第一届冬季奥运会说起。当时它叫“国际冬季体育运动周”，只有16个国家参赛。16项赛事中，只有跳台滑雪可以称得上是真正的极限运动。 Back then, the Winter Games were held in the same year as the Summer Games. A tradition that continued through 1992. In the years between, the number of events more than tripled, the number of countries participating quadrupled, and by the 1992 Games, the number of athletesvyingfor medals reached 1,800, a record at the time. 当时，冬奥会与夏奥会在同一年举行。这一传统一直延续到1992年。在这期间，奥运会比赛项目数量增加至原来的三倍多，参赛国家数量增加至四倍。到1992年阿尔贝维尔冬奥会时，争夺奖牌的运动员多达1800人，创下了当时参赛人数纪录。 Major geopolitical *events also impacted the Olympics. World War II shut down the games for12years. When they returned to 1948, Germany, which had hosted the games before the war, and Japan, weren't invited to compete. Cold War tensions ran high during the 1960’s games, with the US debating whether or not to allow athletes from communist countries to compete. 重大地缘政治事件也对奥运会产生了影响。第二次世界大战使奥运会停办了整整12年。在二战结束后的1948年，战前主办过奥运会的德国和日本都没有被邀请参赛。20世纪60年代的奥运会期间，在冷战紧张局势加剧的情况下，美国讨论着是否允许共产主义国家的运动员参赛。 Teams from 30 countries are here.Sothe game begin! 这里是来自30个国家的队伍。比赛开始了！ And then again, the next time the US,hosted in 1980, leading to this *memorable *moment. 1980年，美国主办的普莱西德湖冬奥会成就了这个值得纪念的时刻。 “Do you believe in miracles? Yes!” “你相信奇迹吗？相信！”（年轻的美国队在半决赛中爆冷击败当时坐拥霸主地位的前苏联队，这场胜利被称之为“冰上奇迹”） Meanwhile, Olympic events were getting riskier. Death-defying sports like luge and freestyle skiing found their way into the line up. Then in 1998, thegames took a turn. 与此同时，冬奥会比赛项目的风险也越来越大。像雪橇和自由式滑雪这样危险的运动也登上了舞台。在1998年，冬奥会比赛项目转了个弯。 Wait, that's not right. Thegames took a twist. 等等，不对。是发生了转折。 There it is! Snowboarding,and, yes, curling were officially added to the program in the Nagano Games, and the inclusion of the board sport served as a clue of what was to come. 是的，你没有听错，单板滑雪和冰壶被正式纳入到长野冬奥会的项目中。单板滑雪的加入为接下来这些项目进入冬奥会释放了信号。 There have been 16 events added to the line of over the last two Winter Olympic Games. Of those, ten fall into the category of action sports. These sports, of course, aren't new to viewers of the X Games, and that's just the point. 在2010年温哥华冬奥会和2014年索契冬奥会上，共有16个新项目加入了冬奥会比赛的行列。其中有十项属于极限运动。当然，重要的是，这些项目对喜爱极限运动的观众们来说并不稀奇。 The Winter X Games started in 1997, the year before snowboarding made its Olympic debut, and have served as a kind of unofficial testing ground for the Olympics. Half pipe events, ski and snowboard cross, and slope style, all appeared in the X games before they made the Olympic debut. 世界极限运动会始于1997年，也就是单板滑雪首次亮相冬奥会的前一年。它是冬奥会的一个非正式试验场。U型场地、障碍追逐以及坡面障碍在冬奥会首次亮相之前，都出现在世界极限运动会上。 “Ladiesandgentlemen, that is a stick of the landing if you will. ” “女士们先生们，这落地也太稳了吧！” And this year, we're getting big air snowboarding, an event that's exactly what it sounds like it is. 2018年平昌冬奥会新增了单板滑雪大跳台，光是听名字就能想象出画面了。 Big tricks have brought a bigger stage. Snowboarding now claims a primetime spot in NBC's Olympic coverage alongside figure skating, which to be fair, is also getting more extreme, with skaters executing quad jumps. So,if history continues, this could be the review of every Winter Olympics. 这些极限技巧非常吸睛，目前单板滑雪与花样滑冰占据了NBC冬奥转播的黄金时段。说实在的，花样滑冰也变得越来越极限，就比如阿克塞尔四周跳。所以说，如果历史继续下去，“迈向极限”也许能够概括每一届冬奥会。 “The 1948 Winter Olympics hit a new high in speed and excitement. ” “1948年的冬奥会在速度和激情上创下新高。” What he said. 正如他所说的一样，冬奥会“迈向极限”的脚步不会停止。 d*aredevil* 英 [ˈdeədevl]；美 [ˈderdevl] n. 爱冒险的；冒失鬼；鲁莽大胆的人；蛮干的人 adj. 鲁莽大胆的；胆大的 p*rime time* 英 [ˈpraɪm taɪm]；美 [ˈpraɪm taɪm] n. （广播、电视的）黄金时间 g****eopolitical 英 [ˌdʒiːəʊpəˈlɪtɪkl]；美 [ˌdʒiːoʊpəˈlɪtɪkl] adj. 地缘政治学的 m****emorable 英 [ˈmemərəbl]；美 [ˈmemərəbl] adj. 值得纪念的；难忘的 defy 英 [dɪˈfaɪ]；美 [dɪˈfaɪ] vt. 藐视；违抗；无法（相信、解释、描绘等）；经受住；顶住