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cover of episode How The Primary System Has Shaped Our Politics

How The Primary System Has Shaped Our Politics

2023/1/2
logo of podcast FiveThirtyEight Politics

FiveThirtyEight Politics

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(旁白)
德国基督教民主联盟主席,2025年德国总理候选人,长期从事金融政策和法律工作。
B
Ben Goodman
C
Caitlin Jewett
E
Elaine Kamark
G
George McGovern
G
Gideon Rahat
H
Hans Knoll
J
Julia Azari
W
Wayne Steger
Topics
George McGovern:1972年民主党提名规则改革使得更多选民参与到提名过程中,深刻改变了美国政治。改革开放了党内参与,但也导致了党内共识难以达成,最终在总统大选中失利。 Ben Goodman:McGovern认为1972年改革并未失败,只是需要改进。 Elaine Kamark:1972年后,各州为了更容易地遵守新规则,纷纷放弃党团会议而采用初选,这使得反映公众意愿变得更容易。 Hans Knoll:1968年后的改革为候选人提供了新的途径,可以通过赢得早期州的初选来获得关注和支持,这导致了赢得早期州初选的重要性。 Wayne Steger:早期州的选民权力更大,因为他们拥有更多的选择,这使得早期州更有可能推举“黑马”候选人。 Julia Azari:新制度虽然开放了党内参与,但旧制度并非完美无缺,新制度也存在不足。 Caitlin Jewett:超级代表主要通过影响媒体关注度来发挥作用,而非直接决定提名人选。 Gideon Rahat:初选制度复杂,投票率低,选民对政策关注度不高,候选人与公众的代表性并不一定很高,候选人对能够提供资金或选民的支持者负责,而非对更广泛的公众负责。 在80年代和90年代,党内领导人通过非正式方式控制提名过程,即“党说了算”理论。通过协调,党内领导人可以间接控制提名结果,但这种模式依赖于党内团结和候选人的广泛吸引力。 互联网和有线电视新闻的兴起使得“隐形初选”更加透明,候选人可以独立筹款并进行宣传,这使得竞选活动与政党脱钩,一些在旧制度下不可能成为总统候选人的候选人脱颖而出。 2016年共和党初选,“党说了算”模式彻底崩溃,特朗普的胜出表明候选人无需与党内领导人有任何联系,也无需代表党内共识就能成为提名人。

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The 1972 Democratic Convention introduced new rules that allowed more voter participation, leading to George McGovern's nomination. However, his liberal stance and loss in the general election highlighted the complexities and potential pitfalls of the new primary system.

Shownotes Transcript

Happy holidays! As we head into the new year and our attention begins to turn to the presidential primaries, we decided to reair our audio documentary series, “The Primaries Project.” It originally aired at the beginning of 2020 and across three episodes we looked at how our presidential primary system came to be, its consequences and how it could be different. This is the second episode.

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