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cover of episode Are the Economy and Financial Markets Zero-Sum Games?

Are the Economy and Financial Markets Zero-Sum Games?

2023/5/10
logo of podcast Money For the Rest of Us

Money For the Rest of Us

AI Deep Dive AI Chapters Transcript
People
C
Carl Gleisch
D
David Stein
E
Eric R. Nielsen
N
Nathan Metsch
R
Robert and Edward Skidelsky
W
William Sharpe
Topics
David Stein: 本期节目探讨了经济和金融市场是否是零和博弈。通过对篮球比赛、扑克游戏等案例的分析,引出了零和博弈的概念,即一方的收益必然是另一方的损失。 在金融市场中,商品期货交易和通过股票选择寻求超额收益也被认为是零和博弈。William Sharpe 的研究表明,主动型管理者整体表现将与市场平均水平持平,扣除费用后将跑输市场。Carl Gleisch 认为,投资在二级市场上或多或少是一个零和博弈,主动型基金经理平均而言会跑输市场。 然而,David Stein 也指出,整体股票市场并非零和博弈,被动管理股票指数的正收益并非来自其他投资者的损失,而是来自公司利润和收入增长。经济增长是创新和资源有效利用的结果,能够创造更多财富和福祉。 文章还探讨了国家权重配置、寻租行为以及追求地位竞争等方面的问题,指出这些方面是零和博弈,但整体经济并非零和博弈。 Eric R. Nielsen: 从数学角度定义零和博弈,即所有参与者的收益和损失之和为零。他以扑克游戏为例,说明零和博弈中一方的收益必然是另一方的损失。 William Sharpe: Sharpe 阐述了主动型投资管理的算术原理,指出在任何特定时期内,市场回报率将是市场内证券回报率的加权平均值。这意味着主动型管理者整体表现将与市场平均水平持平,扣除费用后将跑输市场。 Carl Gleisch: Gleisch 认为投资在二级市场上是一个零和博弈,因为每一个买家都有一个卖家,每一个卖家都有一个买家。主动型基金经理平均而言会跑输市场,因为他们需要支付更高的费用。 Jeff Sommer: Sommer 指出,即使在市场环境有利于主动型股票选择的情况下,大多数主动型基金经理仍然跑输市场。 Cliff Asness, Antti Ilmanen, and Dan Villalon: Asness 等人指出,市场均衡或宏观一致的投资组合是市值加权的,一个投资者的超配是另一个投资者的低配。 Ivo Welch: Welch 的研究表明,美国股市过去30年的优异表现可能部分归因于没有发生重大负面事件。 Nathan Metsch: Metsch 通过一个荒岛上的微型经济案例,说明经济增长并非零和博弈,创新和资源有效利用能够创造更多财富和福祉。 Robert and Edward Skidelsky: Skidelsky 夫妇指出,追求地位的竞争是零和博弈,因为并非每个人都能获得高地位。

Deep Dive

Chapters
The episode starts by illustrating the concept of zero-sum games using the example of a basketball game, where one team's win necessitates another's loss. It then provides a mathematical definition of a zero-sum game, where the sum of gains and losses equals zero.
  • A zero-sum game is defined as one where the sum of all gains and losses equals zero.
  • Basketball games are a clear example of a zero-sum game.

Shownotes Transcript

Does there need to be a loser for every winner when it comes to investing and economic growth?

Topics covered include:

  • What are zero-sum games
  • How trading can be a zero-sum game
  • Why active management and seeking excess returns through security selections or country weights are zero-sum games
  • Why the U.S. stock market has outperformed the rest of the world
  • Why economic growth overall is not a zero-sum game, but some aspects of the economy are zero-sum games

For more information on this episode click here).

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Show Notes

With the Odds on Their Side, They Still Couldn’t Beat the Market by Jeff Sommer—The New York Times)

International Diversification—Still Not Crazy after All These Years by Cliff Asness, Antti Ilmanen, and Daniel Villalon—AQR)

The (Time-Varying) Importance of Disaster Risk by Ivo Welch—The Financial Analysts' Journal)

The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review by Dasgupta P.—GOV.UK)

Why the economy is not a zero-sum game: a simple explanation by Nathan Mech—Acton Institute)

Defending the Free Market: The Moral Case for a Free Economy by Robert Sirico)

Rents: How Marketing Causes Inequality by Gerrit De Geest)

The Threat of Rent Extraction in a Resource-constrained Future by Stratford B.—White Rose Research Online)

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