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cover of episode Why Is the U.S. Dollar So Strong? Will It Continue?

Why Is the U.S. Dollar So Strong? Will It Continue?

2022/9/28
logo of podcast Money For the Rest of Us

Money For the Rest of Us

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David Stein
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我观察到美元汇率达到了2000年以来的最高点,这意味着美元兑换其他货币的价值更高。强势美元使美国进口商品更便宜,但同时也使美国出口商品在其他国家更贵,这影响到美国的食品出口。强势美元对世界其他国家来说并非全是好事,它推高了进口食品、燃料和药品的价格,加剧了债务缠身的国家的经济困境,并可能抑制对新兴市场的投资。 美元强势的背后是多重因素共同作用的结果。首先是疫情导致的供应冲击,限制了企业生产能力;其次是俄乌冲突造成的供应链中断,特别是天然气供应的短缺;再次是疫情期间各国政府实施的刺激计划和量化宽松政策导致货币供应增加,以及由此引发的对商品而非服务的需求激增。这些因素共同导致了40年来最高的通货膨胀率。 为了应对通货膨胀,各国央行纷纷提高政策利率,这导致长期利率上升,抑制了借贷需求。然而,加息并不能立即改善供应,反而增加了经济衰退的风险。目前,美国发达经济体的政策利率处于领先地位,这吸引了全球资本流入美国,进一步增强了美元。 利率上升导致资产价格下跌,特别是股票。全球股市表现不佳,年内跌幅达25%。公司利润增长放缓,同时面临更高的利息支出,这进一步加剧了股价下跌。此外,利率上升也导致资产估值下降,因为投资者需要更高的回报。 美元走强使得海外投资的回报在换算回美元后看起来更低,非美股市虽然表现优于美股市,但换算回美元后回报率下降。 历史上,各国曾将本币与其他货币挂钩,但20世纪70年代初,许多国家停止了与美元挂钩,让本币自由浮动。然而,实际上,他们有时仍然需要调整利率来支撑本币。美元作为储备货币的地位并非没有挑战,随着中国和印度等经济体的增长,其他货币可能取代美元的地位。 美元强势的持续性取决于通货膨胀的走势和美联储的货币政策。如果通胀放缓,美联储可能停止加息,甚至降息。然而,最坏的情况是深度衰退,但通胀持续高企(滞胀)。 美元走强和走弱的趋势似乎与全球经济形势密切相关。美元走强通常伴随着全球经济增长放缓和更大的金融压力;美元走弱通常伴随着全球经济增长和非美资产回报率的提高。

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Shownotes Transcript

What has caused the U.S. dollar's currency exchange rate to be the strongest in twenty years? How a strong dollar leads to slower global economic growth and falling asset prices.

Topics covered include:

  • Why a strong dollar is a no-win situation for the rest of the world
  • Why have inflation and interest rates increased
  • Why recession risks are rising as central banks combat inflation
  • Why asset prices fall when interest rates rise
  • What would cause the U.S. dollar to weaken from these levels
  • How to protect against currency fluctuations

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Show Notes

Wall St blames missteps at FedEx as parcel service fails to delivery Steff Chávez and Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson—Financial Times)

The Global Dollar Cycle by Maurice Obstfeld and Haonan Zhou, BPEA Conference Drafts, September 8–9, 2022—Brookings Papers on Economic Activity)

Monetary policy challenges posed by global liquidity by Hyun Song Shin—BIS)

Dollar beta and stock returns by Valentina Bruno, Ilhyock Shim and Hyun Song Shin—BIS)

Wonking Out: The Mysteries of the Almighty Dollar by Paul Krugman—The New York Times)

Rents Drop for First Time in Two Years After Climbing to Records by Will Parker—The Wall Street Journal)

Stop looking for a bogeyman to explain sterling’s collapse by Kate Martin—Financial Times)

British Pound / US Dollar Historical Reference Rates from Bank of England for 1975 to 2022—Pound Sterling Live)

Related Episodes

215: Is A Dollar Collapse Coming?)

338: The National Debt, Inflation, and the U.S. Dollar—What Could Go Wrong?)

364: Should You Hedge Your International Stock Exposure Against Currency Fluctuations?)

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