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cover of episode 'The Three Body Problem' And the Rise of Chinese Science Fiction

'The Three Body Problem' And the Rise of Chinese Science Fiction

2024/5/1
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Jing Su
旁白
知名游戏《文明VII》的开场动画预告片旁白。
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旁白: 《三体》电视剧改编自刘慈欣的同名小说,讲述了一群现代科学家对抗外星入侵的故事,该剧首周观看量达1560万。2023年中国科幻产业收入近160亿美元,同比增长29%。《三体》小说于2008年出版,成为全球现象级作品,其销量超过中国所有出口文学作品的总和。 Jing Su: 科幻小说受到中国政府重视,并得到扶持,催生了科幻产业的兴起。中国科幻作品获得了政府、大众读者和知识分子的支持,这在文学作品中非常罕见。中国经济对科技的依赖促进了科幻小说的发展,有利于人才招聘。中国科幻小说与国家发展的关系在20世纪经历了多次起伏,20世纪50年代,中国受到苏联和美国太空竞赛的影响,开始重视科幻小说的普及,旨在激发人们对科学的热情,促进科技发展。19世纪末20世纪初,大量西方科幻作品被翻译引进中国,激发了中国本土科幻创作的繁荣。1949年革命后,中国科幻创作受到社会主义意识形态的影响,反映了当时的社会现实。20世纪50年代,科幻创作与科学发展存在冲突,引发了关于科幻作品与科学真实性关系的讨论。70年代末,中国改革开放后,科幻小说再次获得发展机遇。80年代初期,中国对市场化改革的担忧导致科幻小说再次受到压制。刘慈欣的《三体》小说推动了中国科幻小说的复兴。中国科幻小说的发展并非连续的,而是经历了多次重生。新一代中国科幻作家与西方科幻传统有所关联,同时也尝试从中国文化语境出发进行创作。《三体》的意义在于为中国科幻作家创造了创作空间,促进了中国科幻的本土化发展。19世纪末的中国科幻作品具有实验性和创新性,展现了独特的文化融合。Netflix版《三体》的改编引发了争议,一些中国观众认为其对中国历史的刻画存在问题,并将其比作“西式中国菜”。中国观众对Netflix版《三体》的不满,部分原因在于其对文化大革命的处理方式。《三体》的改编反映了中西方社会对彼此的认知差异。电影《流浪地球》反映了中西方文化差异对科幻叙事的影响。中西方在科幻作品中对“英雄”形象的理解存在差异。科幻小说可以促进中西方文化的理解和交流,但不能提供最终答案。

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Chinese science fiction has gone from a niche, underground genre to the country's hottest new export. On Saturday, at the 8th China Science Fiction Conference hosted in Beijing, an animated presenter unveiled graphs detailing the meteoric rise of the genre, claiming that China had raked in nearly $16 billion in revenue from its sci-fi industry in 2023. And in late March, an adaptation of one of China's  biggest cultural exports, 'The Three Body Problem),' premiered on Netflix. The show, based on a book by Liu Cixin, follows a group of modern-day scientists battling an alien invasion, triggered by one cataclysmic decision made by an aggrieved physicist during the Cultural Revolution in China. The show garnered roughly 15.6 million views in its first week. 

But the seed of this science fiction craze was first planted in 2008, with the publication of the book, which quickly became an unexpected global phenomenon. The book and its two sequels have exceeded the total sales of *all *literary works exported by China so far — thus piquing the interest of the Chinese government. For the midweek podcast, host Brooke Gladstone speaks with Jing Tsu), professor of East Asian Languages and Literatures & Comparative Literature at Yale, about the rise of science fiction in China as a soft power tool, the genre's complicated relationship with the Chinese government, and its evolution through the twentieth century.

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