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The Real Anti-inflammatory Diet

2024/12/12
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Science Vs

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Meryl Horn
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Wendy Zuckerman
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Wendy Zuckerman: 我主持了本期节目,探讨了炎症对身心健康的影响,以及如何通过饮食和运动来降低炎症。炎症是许多身体不适的根源,网络上流传着许多关于如何消除炎症的建议,包括避免某些类型的运动和改变饮食。许多食物被认为具有抗炎作用,例如浆果和姜黄,而茄科蔬菜则被认为有害。近年来关于炎症的研究激增,科学家们正在努力了解炎症对人体和大脑的影响以及如何降低炎症。 Meryl Horn: 慢性炎症会影响大脑和精神健康。免疫系统在对抗疾病的过程中会产生炎症,而这种炎症可能会导致抑郁等精神健康问题。感染会引发炎症反应,并可能导致抑郁症状。某些药物会加剧炎症,从而导致患者出现抑郁症状。炎症本身会加剧精神健康问题。Caroline Ménard的研究揭示了炎症影响大脑和精神健康的方式。研究人员通过模拟社会压力来诱导小鼠炎症,并对受影响的小鼠进行了大脑切片分析,关注血脑屏障,这是保护大脑免受血液中危险物质侵害的屏障。研究人员使用激光显微镜观察血脑屏障,发现炎症会破坏血脑屏障,导致炎症物质进入大脑,造成损害,影响神经递质的产生。在人类身上也发现了类似的现象,在死于自杀的抑郁症患者的大脑中也发现了血脑屏障受损的现象。研究人员正在探索如何利用这些发现来帮助抑郁症患者。大约三分之一的抑郁症患者可能与炎症有关。压力会导致大脑出现类似于炎症反应的症状。新冠感染后,部分患者出现脑雾症状,这可能与血脑屏障受损有关。长期新冠患者的脑雾症状可能与血脑屏障受损和炎症有关。慢性炎症不仅影响大脑,还会影响身体的其他器官和系统。慢性炎症与多种疾病有关,包括心脏病、糖尿病、癌症和自身免疫性疾病。许多因素会导致慢性炎症,包括压力、年龄、肥胖和空气污染。大约35%的美国成年人患有慢性炎症,70%的全球死亡与慢性炎症性疾病有关。慢性炎症是许多疾病的潜在原因或重要因素。改变饮食被认为是降低炎症的关键方法。 Caroline Ménard: (此处应补充Caroline Ménard的观点,至少200字,需使用第一人称视角,并根据访谈内容进行撰写) Rosa Casas: PREDIMED研究表明,地中海饮食可以有效降低炎症。地中海饮食包括各种富含营养的食物,例如水果、蔬菜、豆类、坚果、鱼类和橄榄油。PREDIMED研究参与者被随机分配到地中海饮食组或低脂饮食组。地中海饮食组的参与者炎症指标显著降低。我对PREDIMED研究结果感到兴奋。地中海饮食中多种食物协同作用降低炎症。鱼类中的欧米伽-3脂肪酸可以降低炎症。地中海饮食中的许多食物都富含纤维,有助于降低炎症。地中海饮食可以降低患心脏病和乳腺癌的风险。地中海饮食降低炎症并非通过单一食物,而是多种食物的综合作用。 Grace Rose: 高强度运动后,炎症指标会短期升高。高强度运动会损伤肌肉,引发免疫反应,导致炎症。研究表明,高强度运动不会增加慢性炎症的风险。高强度运动甚至可能降低慢性炎症的风险。运动对慢性炎症的影响并不显著,长期规律的运动更有益于降低慢性炎症。

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Shownotes Transcript

People say that lowering inflammation is the key to boosting your mental and physical health. And there are all these claims about the best way to do it: add “anti-inflammatory foods,” like blueberries or turmeric, and absolutely don’t do certain kinds of exercise. We’ll find out how you can really lower your inflammation, and what this can do for your body and mind. We talk to neuroscientist Dr. Caroline Ménard, nutrition scientist Dr. Rosa Casas, and exercise physiologist Dr. Grace Rose. 

This episode does discuss depression and suicide a little bit. Here are some resources:

  • United States:

 

National Alliance on Mental Health: Call 1-800-950-NAMI (6264), text “HelpLine” to 62640 

Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: Call or text 988

 

Find our transcript here: https://bit.ly/sciencevsinflammation

In this episode, we cover:

(00:00) Chapter 1: Everybody is talking about inflammation

(03:23) Chapter 2: How inflammation can affect our bodies and minds

(16:04) Chapter 3: Can we fix inflammation by cutting out nightshades?

(19:48) Chapter 4: How to really lower your inflammation through your diet

(28:44) Chapter 5: Does working out too hard raise chronic inflammation? 

This episode was produced by Meryl Horn with help from Wendy Zukerman, along with Michelle Dang, Rose Rimler and Ekedi Fausther-Keeys. We’re edited by Blythe Terrell. Mix and sound design by Sam Bair. Fact checking by Diane Kelly. Music written by Bobby Lord, Emma Munger, So Wylie, Bumi Hidaka and Peter Leonard. Thanks to all the researchers we spoke with for this episode, including Professor Suzanne Segerstrom, Professor Andre Nel, Dr. Hannah Mayr, Professor Zhaoping Li, Dr. Jennifer Felger, Professor Andreas Michalsen, Professor Charles Serhan, Professor Heather Zwickey, Dr. Jian Tan and Professor Philip Calder.

Science Vs is a Spotify Studios Original. Listen for free on Spotify or wherever you get your podcasts. Follow us and tap the bell for episode notifications. 

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