Spotify's algorithm uses a combination of mathematical data (like BPM and pitch) and human social behaviors to create an abstract map of songs and artists. It places users on this map based on their listening habits, recommending songs that fit within their established preferences. This creates a feedback loop where users are exposed to similar music, limiting their exposure to new genres or artists.
Discover Weekly recommends music based on past listening habits, which reinforces existing preferences rather than introducing new ones. It creates a routine listening experience, making it less likely for users to explore unfamiliar genres or artists. This narrows the musical world of listeners, keeping them within their comfort zone.
Musicians are tailoring their songs to fit algorithmic preferences, such as ensuring hooks appear within the first 10 seconds, keeping songs under three minutes, and releasing EPs instead of full albums. This shift prioritizes algorithmic success over artistic expression, as artists aim to land on Spotify's radar and gain massive exposure.
Listeners can intentionally explore outside their algorithmic bubble by searching for random terms, exploring artists' profiles, or using alternative apps like Radio, which randomizes the listening experience. These methods encourage discovery of unfamiliar music and genres, countering the homogenized recommendations of Spotify's algorithm.
Musicians now focus on creating songs that align with Spotify's algorithmic preferences, such as shorter tracks with early hooks and consistent releases. This shift has led to 'algorithmic anxiety,' where artists prioritize what will get them noticed over their artistic vision. The result is a music landscape increasingly shaped by algorithmic demands rather than creative expression.
Spotify is shaping listening habits, so much so that musicians are shaping themselves for Spotify. It makes your musical world a little more prescribed, a little smaller.
If it feels like everything’s getting a little stale, how do we get out?
Guest: Tiffany Ng, culture and tech writer.
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