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cover of episode Inside the Chip-Making Machine the World Can’t Live Without

Inside the Chip-Making Machine the World Can’t Live Without

2025/3/22
logo of podcast WSJ Tech News Briefing

WSJ Tech News Briefing

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Brianna Hall
播音员
主持著名true crime播客《Crime Junkie》的播音员和创始人。
Topics
播音员: 微芯片在现代生活中无处不在,从汽车到医疗设备,几乎所有电子产品都依赖于微芯片。而制造最先进的微芯片需要一种名为极紫外光刻机(EUV)的复杂机器。这些机器极其昂贵,每台价值数亿美元,并且全部由一家公司ASML制造。EUV光刻机的工作原理是利用极紫外光束在硅晶片上打印微小的晶体管电路,其精度之高令人难以置信,可以制造出比人类头发细10000倍的芯片。整个过程涉及到复杂的物理和化学原理,以及一系列精密的科学技术,其复杂程度堪比科幻小说。 Brianna Hall: 我是ASML EUV光刻机的客户支持工程师,我的工作是维护和修理这些价值数亿美元的精密仪器。起初我并没有意识到这项工作的意义,直到后来才明白,我的工作对于整个世界的运转至关重要。我们每天都在努力确保这些机器的正常运行,因为它们是现代科技的基础。我的工作内容包括日常维护、故障排除以及预防性维护,以最大限度地减少意外停机时间。即使是一粒灰尘也可能对芯片制造造成灾难性后果,因此我们必须保持极高的清洁度标准。进入洁净室需要穿着特殊的防护服,以防止任何污染物进入。 在一次例行检查中,我发现机器的水路系统出现堵塞,导致冷却系统出现问题。我迅速采取行动,利用简单的工具——两个家得宝的塑料桶——排空了水管,更换了软管,并安装了热传感器进行监控。虽然看起来很简单,但这对于保证机器的正常运行至关重要。对我来说,解决问题的那一刻是最有成就感的时候,所有其他的事情都变得不重要了,我只需要专注于解决眼前的问题。

Deep Dive

Chapters
This chapter explores the ubiquitous nature of microchips and introduces EUV lithography machines as essential tools for creating cutting-edge chips. It explains the importance of shrinking light wavelengths to pack more transistors onto chips, highlighting ASML's role and the complexity of the process.
  • Microchips are found in a vast range of devices.
  • EUV lithography machines are crucial for producing advanced chips.
  • ASML is the sole manufacturer of these machines.
  • Shrinking light wavelengths is key to making faster chips.

Shownotes Transcript

Our modern world depends on chips, and our most modern chips depend on complex machines that use a process called extreme ultraviolet lithography. All of these machines are made by one company: ASML. The WSJ’s Ben Cohen met one of the machine’s mechanics and got a rare, behind-the-scenes tour of a factory) where one of them operates. He explains the nearly sci-fi tech behind EUV lithography and gives us a peek into the one tool responsible for all the tech in your life.

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