The delay in the $60 billion US military aid package had a massive impact on Ukraine's war effort. The aid, which was held up in Congress until April and mostly delivered by summer, was crucial for replenishing ammunition, artillery, and equipment. Without it, Ukrainian forces were severely limited, firing only a few shells a day compared to Russia's hundreds or thousands, which allowed Russia to regain the initiative in certain areas.
The change in Ukrainian military leadership, with General Zaluzhny replaced by General Sersky, did not immediately alter tactics. Sersky took time to assess the situation before planning operations like the incursion into Kursk. This operation, coordinated with General Badanov of Ukrainian Military Intelligence, aimed to dislocate Russian forces and regain the initiative, marking a significant shift in strategy.
Russian casualty rates in 2024 were estimated at 1,400 to 1,600 soldiers per day, with significant losses of equipment. This high rate is unsustainable, as Russia is increasingly relying on foreign troops from North Korea, Africa, and the Middle East. The strain on manpower and resources suggests that 2025 could be a turning point where Russia's ability to sustain such losses collapses.
Ukraine's incursion into Kursk in August 2024 was a significant military success. It disrupted Russian forces, forced them to reallocate resources, and gave Ukraine the initiative for a period. The operation also brought the conflict closer to Russian civilians, increasing awareness and questioning of the war. While it didn't achieve all its objectives, it marked a bold and necessary move by General Sersky.
Donald Trump's presidency in 2025 could lead to increased pressure on Vladimir Putin to negotiate, potentially resulting in a ramping up of US arms supplies to Ukraine. Trump may also push European nations to increase their defense spending and even deploy troops to western Ukraine to free up Ukrainian forces for the eastern front. This could shift the geopolitical dynamics significantly.
In this extended Frontline conversation, James Hanson speaks to military analyst and former military intelligence officer and NATO planner Philip Ingram MBE about the ground war in Ukraine during 2024.
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